| horticulture | A food-procurement strategy based on crop production without soil preparation, fertilizers, irrigation, or use of draft animals.
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| slash and burn | The removal of plant materials by cutting and burning preparatory to planting.
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| nomadic pastoralism | A herding adaptation that makes the most of available forage for animals by frequent habitat moves.
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| transhumance | A variety of pastoralism in which herds are moved seasonally.
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| agriculture | A subsistence strategy based on intensive, continuous use of land for the production of plant foods. It includes the use of cultivation, fertilizers, and irrigation.
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| chiefdom | A type of society with an office of chief, most commonly hereditary, social ranking, and redistributive economy.
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| stratified society | A society with unequal access to resources within groups of the same gender and status.
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| redistribution | A system of exchange in which wealth is reallocated, found in chiefdom and state societies.
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| market exchange | The trading of goods and services through the use of currency.
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| barter | Exchange of products that does not involve currency.
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| Commodity money | Currency in the form of valued objects such as shells or gold.
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| fiat money | Paper currency backed by a nation state's claim of its value.
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