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Multiple Choice Quiz

1
In which decade did criminal justice begin to be viewed as a system, or a process?
A)1940s
B)1950s
C)1960s
D)1990s
2
In which of the following phases of the criminal justice system is a person most likely to experience an arraignment hearing?
A)entry into the system
B)prosecution and pretrial services
C)adjudication
D)sentencing and sanctions
3
Which of the following is legally required for a person to be "seized" or taken into custody?
A)probable cause
B)suspicion based on hearsay
C)eyewitness testimony
D)self-incrimination
4
Which legal case was instrumental in establishing the exclusionary rule?
A)Terry v. Ohio
B)New Jersey v. TLO
C)Garner v. Tennessee
D)Mapp v. Ohio
5
Which legal case provides a person with the right-to-counsel mandate?
A)Gideon v. Wainwright
B)People v. de Bour
C)Miranda v. Arizona
D)Carroll doctrine
6
Which of the following is considered the most important factor for denying bail to a criminal offender, according to a large number of studies?
A)attitude of the offender
B)police bias
C)seriousness of the charge
D)prior criminal record
7
Which of the following is the central focus of a preliminary hearing?
A)entering a plea of guilt or innocence
B)gathering of facts for sentencing
C)setting of bail
D)determining probable cause
8
Which of the following requirements is necessary for a person to enter a plea in accordance with contemporary legislation standards?
A)the plea must be secret
B)that no one be coerced
C)the plea must be involuntary
D)consequences of the plea must not be known prior to the plea
9
Which type of case is required for a grand jury to reach an indictment?
A)corpus delecti
B)habeas corpus
C)prima facie
D)stare decisis
10
Which of the following is the main consideration for judges when selecting appropriate sentences for criminal offenders, according to Don Gottfredson and Bridget Stecher?
A)rehabilitation
B)incapacitation
C)retribution
D)special deterrence
11
The attrition rate for persons being convicted of criminal offenses by the criminal justice system in the United States is:
A)1 for every 5 crimes reported.
B)3 for every 10 crimes reported.
C)3 for every 5 crimes reported.
D)8 for every 10 crimes reported.
12
Which percentage correctly reflects the number of convicted offenders that are probably innocent?
A)40 percent
B)30 percent
C)20 percent
D)10 percent
13
According to the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) index, juveniles are least likely to be arrested for:
A)arson.
B)rape.
C)murder.
D)robbery.
14
Which of the following terms refers to granting the state parental authority for the purpose of rehabilitation and correction?
A)tempus fugit
B)parens patriae
C)Ex parte Crouse
D)mitt emus locus
15
Where was the first juvenile court created in the United States?
A)New York
B)Massachusetts
C)Illinois
D)Florida
16
Which Constitutional right was not extended to juveniles as a result of the In re Gault case in 1967?
A)jury trials
B)right to be informed of charges
C)right to have an attorney
D)right to confront and examine witnesses
17
Which U.S. Supreme Court case established the minimum age of 16 for death penalty cases?
A)Kent v. United States (1966)
B)Breed v. Jones (1975)
C)Schall v. Martin (1984)
D)Sanford v. Kentucky (1989)
18
According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the greatest percentage of juvenile offenders being held in custody is currently in which state?
A)Texas
B)Illinois
C)New York
D)Georgia
19
Which legal standard was the first to recognize the plight of crime victims?
A)English common law
B)Code of Hammurabi
C)the Model Penal Code
D)the Constitution
20
Which percentage of victims exercises a role at the imposition of sentencing during sentence hearings?
A)40 percent
B)30 percent
C)20 percent
D)10 percent





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