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Multiple Choice Quiz

1
Which type of explanations regarding criminal behavior is largely ignored by sociological theories?
A)lack of opportunity
B)formation of subcultures
C)crime rates of groups
D)individual differences
2
Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
A)Sigmund Freud
B)Lawrence Kohlberg
C)John Bowlby
D)Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck
3
Which component of the human psyche acts as a moral code or conscience, according to Freud?
A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)fixation
4
Lawrence Kohlberg suggests that most criminals and delinquents are morally reasoning at which level?
A)preconventional level
B)conventional level
C)postconventional level
D)operational level
5
Which of the following is the focus of John Bowlby's research and attachment theory?
A)biological development
B)moral development
C)maternal deprivation
D)spatial isolation
6
Which of the following summarizes the finding of Joan McCord's research concerning family atmosphere and delinquency?
A)absence of mothers in the home will likely result in delinquency among children
B)absence of fathers in the home will likely result in delinquency among children
C)stepparents in a home will result in more delinquency than natural parents
D)neither the absence of fathers or mothers in the home lead to delinquency
7
Which of the following is the main premise of Albert Bandura's theory?
A)delinquent behavior is innate
B)violence and aggression are learned behaviors
C)delinquency is related to unconscious problems
D)delinquency is a failure in moral development
8
What does the term "behavior modeling" primarily refer to?
A)moral development instilled by life experiences
B)social psyche transmitted by parents
C)fashioning behavior after that of others
D)reflecting on past behaviors
9
Which of the following does psychologist Leonard Eron argue is the single best predictor of an aggressive young man?
A)his parents
B)television programs
C)educational experiences at school
D)delinquent siblings
10
Which of the following persons is most likely to commit the crime of parricide?
A)a white 10-12 year old daughter from an upper-class family
B)a mentally-ill child from a lower-class family
C)a white 16-18 year old son from middle-class family
D)a black 15-18 year old daughter from a middle-class family
11
According to Albert Bandura, a person that has an unfounded belief that violence is necessary or justified would be categorized as which type of instigator?
A)aversive instigator
B)incentive instigator
C)modeling instigator
D)delusional instigator
12
Which of the following statements is true concerning personality and criminal behavior?
A)The Minnesota and California personality inventories suggest inmates are basically timid
B)personality dynamics of criminals are similar to those of noncriminals
C)personality testing can significantly predict criminality
D)criminologists strongly endorse the findings of personality testing of criminal offenders
13
Which of the following researchers suggested that personality is comprised of three dimensions; psychoticism, extroversion, and neuroticism?
A)Sigmund Freud
B)Daniel Tennenbaum
C)Ronald Akers
D)Hans Eysenck
14
Eysenck contends humans develop a conscience through:
A)conditioning.
B)psychoticism.
C)pituitary secretions.
D)cortex stimulation.
15
Which percentage of persons among correctional populations is estimated to suffer from some type of mental disorder?
A)10-15 percent
B)10-20 percent
C)20-30 percent
D)20-60 percent
16
Which type of behavior is associated with persons possessing an extra Y chromosome?
A)physical aggression
B)premenstrual irritability
C)low intellectual functioning
D)depression
17
Which of the following is the main focus of the study by German physician Johannes Lange in explaining criminal behavior?
A)monkeys
B)twins
C)sociopaths
D)brain disorders
18
What is the basic premise of Henry H. Goddard's research concerning criminality?
A)twin studies
B)foster parents
C)I Q
D)adoptive parents
19
What does criminologist Stephen Schoenthaler contend causes criminality?
A)high levels of sugar
B)hypoglycemia
C)premenstrual cycles
D)junk-food
20
Which of the following factors does Benjamin Feingold argue causes hyperactivity in children?
A)sugar
B)food coloring
C)hormones
D)Coca-Cola





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