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Multiple Choice Quiz

1
A subdivision within the dominant culture that has its own norms, beliefs, and values is referred to as:
A)an organization.
B)a social institution.
C)a subculture.
D)a folkway.
2
Where did Albert Cohen suggest that delinquent subcultures are likely to emerge?
A)slum areas of large American cities
B)suburban areas of the South
C)middle-class neighborhoods
D)non-English speaking areas
3
Which evaluation tool did Albert Cohen suggest middle-class teachers use to evaluate lower-class school children?
A)ACT scores
B)middle-class measuring rod
C)TABE scores
D)standardized achievement scores
4
According to Albert Cohen, lower-class youths respond to norm conflict by using:
A)family violence.
B)hate crimes as a venting agent.
C)goal-oriented behaviors.
D)reaction formation.
5
Which of the following notions is considered a strong point in Albert Cohen's delinquency theory?
A)it answers questions left unresolved by strain and cultural deviance theories
B)it addresses middle-class delinquency
C)it typically pertains to male delinquency
D)it provides methods for testing middle-class values
6
Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin suggest delinquency is affected by:
A)lack of goals.
B)self control.
C)legitimate opportunities.
D)peer pressure.
7
In which of the following types of gangs do Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin contend that older criminals teach younger members skills in extortion and other crimes?
A)retreatist gangs
B)criminal gangs
C)conflict gangs
D)biker gangs
8
Which of the following statements is not supported by research concerning gangs?
A)gangs are only involved in illegal business ventures
B)gangs operate like a union for an underground economy
C)gangs frequently sell illegal goods as a source for income
D)initiation rites may be conducted by an adult person referred to as "uncle"
9
Which of the following is considered the main criticism directed toward Cloward and Ohlin's differential opportunity theory?
A)it fails to address group delinquency
B)it lacks any empirical evidence
C)it ignores economics factors
D)it is class oriented
10
Which area of the United States has the highest homicide rate?
A)North
B)South
C)East
D)West
11
Researchers Colin Lofton and Robert Hill suggest homicide rates are not primarily influenced by cultural factors, rather by:
A)economic factors.
B)lack of education.
C)poor parental supervision.
D)genetic heritage.
12
Which term did Walter B. Miller use to describe the value system of subcultures?
A)middle-class measuring rod
B)focal concerns
C)ghetto creed
D)slum codes
13
What percentage of gang members own or have access to guns?
A)10 to 20 percent
B)30 to 40 percent
C)50 to 70 percent
D)80 to 90 percent
14
Which of the following statements is not part of Anne Campbell's findings concerning female gang members?
A)girls join gangs for a sense of belonging
B)girls rarely gain status from the value system of gangs
C)most female gang members will end up living on welfare assistance
D)female gang members will likely experience feelings of isolation as they age
15
Psychologist Anne Campbell's research of female gangs in New York revealed:
A)several of the female gang members had graduated high school.
B)most female gang members were middle-class Whites.
C)sexual activity among female gang members was rare.
D)all the girls in the gang came from poor families.
16
What percentage of gang members nationwide is female?
A)5 to 10 percent
B)10 to 25 percent
C)25 to 40 percent
D)40 to 50 percent
17
Desecration of graveyards and using an Ouija board would most likely be consistent with which of the following types of gangs?
A)criminal gangs
B)delinquent gangs
C)hate gangs
D)satanic gangs
18
What was the main motivational strategy behind the Mobilization for Youth (MOBY) program?
A)opportunity theory
B)civil rights legislation
C)cultural conflict
D)domestic policies of Richard M. Nixon
19
Which of the following is considered the main purpose of programs such as the House of Umoja that are based on subcultural theories?
A)settle disputes
B)bridge a delinquent value system to a conventional one
C)scare participants straight by visiting morgues
D)provide spiritual guidance
20
Which of the following factors make it almost impossible for gang members to quit?
A)economics
B)drug addiction
C)loyalty and terror
D)fear of losing status





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