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Multiple Choice Quiz

1
Which of the following is the main premise of social control theory?
A)influence of cultural factors
B)the level of one's commitment to conventional behaviors
C)the ability of police and various control agents to reduce crime
D)deteriorated social conditions lead to crime
2
Which of the following factors did E.A. Ross suggest guided people in their behavior?
A)belief systems
B)specific laws
C)demonic forces
D)habits
3
Which of the following is not associated with macrosociological studies?
A)the legal system
B)powerful groups
C)social and economic directives of government
D)informal individual behaviors
4
Which sociologist is considered the spokesperson for the microsociological perspective?
A)Travis Hirschi
B)William Golding
C)Donald Black
D)E.A. Ross
5
Which of the following best exemplifies Travis Hirschi's interest in crime control?
A)what causes people to commit crime
B)why people violate social rules
C)why people do not commit delinquent or criminal acts
D)what innate and genetic elements are associated with crime causation
6
Which of the following bonds does Travis Hirschi suggest is the primary deterrent to criminal activities?
A)attachment
B)commitment
C)involvement
D)belief
7
Which of the following is not associated with Hirschi's social control theory?
A)the more attached a child is to a parent, the less likely he/she will be delinquent
B)the more involved one is in school activities, the less likely they will be delinquent
C)the more attached one is to peers, the more likely they will be delinquent
D)the stronger one's belief, the more respect they will have for laws
8
What did Robert Agnew conclude about Hirschi's social control theory?
A)the findings were fabricated
B)the importance of Hirschi's control theory has been exaggerated
C)control theory will be universally accepted in the future
D)control theory is centered in only explaining adult crime
9
David Matza developed a perspective on social control to explain why:
A)some children are delinquent and some are not.
B)children are not attached to parents and teachers.
C)some adolescents drift in and out of delinquency.
D)abused children commit the most delinquency.
10
A person rationalizing their criminal actions by suggesting anybody would have done the same thing they did, is likely employing which of Matza's defense mechanisms?
A)denial of responsibility
B)denial of injury
C)denial of victim
D)condemnation of the condemner
11
Which of the following factors is not associated with delinquency, according to Albert J. Reiss?
A)failure to internalize socially accepted norms
B)lack of clarity in most legal laws
C)a breakdown of internal controls
D)lack of social rules that prescribe behavior
12
According to Jackson Toby, the deciding factor in a person becoming delinquent or not becoming delinquent in socially disorganized neighborhoods, is attributable to:
A)a differing stake in conformity.
B)bad neighborhoods.
C)poverty.
D)compliance to hostile norms.
13
Walter C. Reckless suggests the probability of deviance is directly related to:
A)conformity.
B)anger control.
C)innate qualities.
D)pushes and pulls.
14
Which of the following factors did Walter C. Reckless suggest would likely inhibit one's chances of becoming delinquent?
A)strong internal pushes
B)strong self-concept
C)weak outer containment
D)strong external pulls
15
Where does Francis Ivan Nye suggest that indirect control comes from?
A)self-regulation
B)internalized norms
C)feeling of guilt
D)identification with noncriminals
16
What is the main criticism of containment theory, according to Clarence Schrag?
A)the terminology used is vague and poorly defined.
B)the theory ignores the influence of social norms
C)the theory only addresses criminal actions
D)the theory is over 30 years old
17
Which of the following explanatory elements is not included in developmental theories?
A)why offending starts and stops
B)why offending continues
C)why it becomes more serious and de-escalates
D)why harsh punishment cannot stop offending
18
What did Robert J. Sampson and John H. Laub suggest inhibits deviance over time?
A)positive control
B)social capital
C)inner relationships
D)external pressures
19
Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi's general theory of crime (GTC) purports that crime is a function of:
A)fixations.
B)impulse.
C)poor self-control.
D)long-term gratification.
20
Which of the following factors is the common element of all integrated theories?
A)external pressures
B)social bonds
C)family ties
D)personality traits





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