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| 1 | |
Which of the following theories is not consistent with situational explanations of crime? |
| | A) | environmental criminology |
| | B) | rational-choice perspective |
| | C) | routine-activity approach |
| | D) | consensus criminology |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following notions is central to environmental criminology? |
| | A) | interaction of physical location, criminal offenders, victims, and law |
| | B) | offender motivation |
| | C) | violations of environmental law |
| | D) | hedonistic analysis |
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| 3 | |
Rational-choice theory suggests that decisions by people to commit crime are: |
| | A) | generally irrational decisions made by law abiding people. |
| | B) | intelligently made. |
| | C) | contingent on innate and natural urges. |
| | D) | commonly made without thinking. |
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| 4 | |
Factors that influence a person to commit a crime are referred to by rational-choice theory as: |
| | A) | free will agents. |
| | B) | pleasure trophies. |
| | C) | choice structuring properties. |
| | D) | motivational stimuli. |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following factors is not commonly considered by criminal offenders when committing a crime, according to rational-choice theory? |
| | A) | the physical danger involved |
| | B) | monetary yield per crime |
| | C) | time required to commit the act |
| | D) | level of harm to the victim |
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| 6 | |
According to Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson, potential for crime emerges when: |
| | A) | an unguarded suitable target comes together in time and space with a likely offender. |
| | B) | an offender's activities are interrupted by potential victims. |
| | C) | a suitable target intentionally impedes the space of an offender. |
| | D) | everyday activities become threatened. |
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| 7 | |
Which of the following items would likely be the most attractive target for thieves, according to routine-activities theory? |
| | A) | a brand new washing machine |
| | B) | a console television |
| | C) | portable CD player |
| | D) | ATM machine |
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| 8 | |
Which of the following items did Volkswagen stop producing after 1961 due to the findings of particular researchers? |
| | A) | convertibles |
| | B) | hood crests |
| | C) | VW beetles |
| | D) | dome shaped hubcaps |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following factors is considered crucial for most suburban burglars? |
| | A) | prior knowledge of target and amount of planning time |
| | B) | choosing houses located in the middle of the block |
| | C) | committing the theft at night to go undetected |
| | D) | homes with side-entry doors |
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| 10 | |
Which individuals are the most frequent targets of robbery, according to research by Richard Wright and Scott Decker? |
| | A) | business owners |
| | B) | college students |
| | C) | other street crime-involved individuals |
| | D) | elderly people |
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| 11 | |
Which acronym was developed by Ronald Clarke to illustrate the various features that make consumer goods attractive to thieves? |
| | A) | CRAVED |
| | B) | MONEY |
| | C) | FREE |
| | D) | STOLEN |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following college-student profiles are less likely to be victims of crime? |
| | A) | a full-time male student aged 17-20 |
| | B) | a part-time female student aged 25-30 |
| | C) | a full-time female student that uses drugs |
| | D) | a part-time male student who parties frequently |
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| 13 | |
Which controversial notion was first developed by Hans von Hentig concerning victims of crime? |
| | A) | victims should receive reparations |
| | B) | victims are secretly sadistic |
| | C) | many crime victims contribute to their own victimization |
| | D) | victims embellish their victimization for attention |
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| 14 | |
The basic premise of lifestyle theories: |
| | A) | blames people for being victims. |
| | B) | encourages most people to stay indoors. |
| | C) | suggests people should retaliate against their attackers. |
| | D) | promotes living and acting responsibly for a more crime-free existence. |
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| 15 | |
A study of repeat victimization in San Antonio, Texas revealed the greatest chance for repeat calls for police service occurred at: |
| | A) | fast-food restaurants. |
| | B) | stripper-clubs. |
| | C) | middle-class residences. |
| | D) | discount stores. |
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| 16 | |
What did Lawrence Sherman, Patrick Gartin, and Michael Buerger learn from their research of 911 calls? |
| | A) | victim precipitation is at the center of crime |
| | B) | criminologists should focus on hot-spots of crime and not people |
| | C) | reducing social order will reduce crime |
| | D) | community policing efforts are failing |
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| 17 | |
The term "defensible space" refers to: |
| | A) | improved architectural designs for increased security. |
| | B) | learning of self-defense protections. |
| | C) | legal air-traffic rights over terrorist zones. |
| | D) | the proximity between victimization and nonvictimization. |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following examples is not consistent with situational crime prevention techniques? |
| | A) | school security measures |
| | B) | library checkout systems |
| | C) | carrying concealed weapons |
| | D) | increasing of outdoor lighting |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following is the number one stolen vehicle in America, according to the National Insurance Crime Bureau? |
| | A) | Honda Accord |
| | B) | Chevrolet Pickup |
| | C) | Ford Mustang |
| | D) | Toyota Camry |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following is a fear of using target-hardening prevention measures? |
| | A) | displacement of crime |
| | B) | escalation of crime |
| | C) | increased insurance costs |
| | D) | reducing the need for police |
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