| assemble-to-order | Producing major components of a product prior to receiving an order and assembling the product to meet a specific order.
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| assembly line | A narrowly defined manufacturing assembly process made up of equipment with little flexibility in a product-oriented layout.
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| batch production | A type of production in which identical products or customers are processed through one step, and then the entire batch goes on to the next step.
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| business process analysis (BPA) | A productivity improvement approach that focuses on large processes and the transitions between different departments.
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| cellular layout | A layout in which products whose processes require similar resources are grouped into product families. Each cell contains all the resources necessary to produce products in that family.
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| changeover time | The time required to change equipment from producing one product or service to another.
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| concurrent engineering | Performing product and service development engineering functions in tandem to reduce time and improve communication.
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| continuous improvement | A process of always seeking ways to improve existing processes and tasks.
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| design for environment | Including environmental concerns in the product design.
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| design for logistics | Including logistics and transportation concerns in the product design process, usually involving effective packaging.
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| design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) | The practice of designing products with the capabilities of manufacturing processes in mind.
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| house of quality | A set of matrices used to guide the quality function deployment process.
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| job shop | A manufacturer, typically a process-oriented layout, that is able to produce custom tools and equipment for others because of its flexibility.
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| make-to-order | Producing a product when an order is received.
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| make-to-stock | Producing a product before an order is received and storing the product.
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| poka-yoke | A device that makes it impossible or nearly impossible to do something incorrectly.
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| process map | A diagram of the steps in a process.
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| process-oriented layout | A layout that is organized by the function of each resource, allowing steps to be done in any sequence.
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| project | A set of activities aimed at meeting a goal, with a defined beginning and end.
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| quality function deployment (QFD) | A widely used approach that translates customer needs into product and service designs that guide the corresponding process requirements.
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| reengineering | Starting from a clean slate to improve a process.
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| repetitive processing | Processing on a continuous basis.
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| service blueprint | A type of flow diagram used for services that identifies decision points, failure points, and the line of visibility.
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| setup time | The time required to change equipment from producing one product or service to another.
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| substitute quality characteristics | In quality function deployment, these are terms used to translate the customer needs into a description of the product or service that is in technical language.
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