| Cluster seating | Way to put desks in clusters to facilitate cooperative learning and small group lessons.
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| Communication | Verbal and nonverbal exchange within the classroom.
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| Competitive goal structures | Occurs when students perceive that they can obtain their goal if, and only if, the other students with whom they work fail to obtain their goals.
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| Cooperative goal structures | Occurs when students perceive they can obtain their goal if, and only if, the other students with whom they work also obtain their goals.
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| Goal structures | The way that goals specify the degree of interdependence sought among students. There are three different types of goal structures: individualistic, competitive, and cooperative.
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| Group Investigation (GI) | An approach to cooperative learning in which students help define topics for study and then work together to complete their investigations.
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| Group skills | Skills students have to participate effectively in groups.
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| Independent task | A situation where a learning task can accomplished by individuals working alone.
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| Individualistic goal structure | Occurs when achievement of the goal by one student is unrelated to the achievement of the goal by other students.
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| Interaction patterns | Term used to refer to the patterns of the verbal and nonverbal communication in classrooms.
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| Interdependent task | A learning task that requires students to work together in interdependent ways.
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| Jigsaw | An approach to cooperative learning in which students work in mixed ability groups and each student is responsible for a portion of the material.
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| Numbered-heads-together | Small group strategy that encourages cooperation and participation.
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| Reward structures | The ways in which rewards can be distributed within a classroom. There are three types: individualistic, competitive, and cooperative.
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| Social skills | Skills or abilities individuals have to work or interact effectively in social and group settings.
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| Structural approach | Approach to cooperative learning attributed to Spencer Kagen.
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| Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) | An approach to cooperative learning in which students work in mixed ability groups and rewards are administered and recognized for both individual and group effort.
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| Swing seating | Seating plan that allows easy movement of seats and chairs during cooperative learning lessons.
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| Task structures | The way lessons are arranged and the learning demands that lessons place on students.
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| Think-pair-share | A technique used by teachers to slow down the pace of discourse and to increase student participation.
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