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| 1 | |
Which of the following scenarios best depicts "extinction"? |
| | A) | Ivan used to bring his lunch to school every day because his mother always praised him for doing so. Now that she has stopped praising him, he often forgets. |
| | B) | Ruby used to get very nervous when she played her violin in public. She recently started practicing relaxation techniques prior to each performance, and now she usually feels calm. |
| | C) | Heather forgot to take off her muddy shoes at the door until recently, when her mother posted a sign in the hallway. |
| | D) | Dennis runs to the door when he hears a truck pull into the driveway, because he knows that his father opens the door within moments of when Dennis hears the sound of his father's car. |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following scenarios best depicts a punishment? |
| | A) | A student answers a question correctly. The teacher compliments the student. The student continues to raise her hand to answer questions. |
| | B) | A student answers a question correctly. The teacher stops criticizing the student for not paying attention. The student continues to raise her hand to answer questions. |
| | C) | A student answers a question incorrectly. The teacher criticizes the student for not paying attention. The student begins to pay attention and starts answering questions correctly. |
| | D) | A student answers a question incorrectly. The teacher stops asking the student to answer questions. The student starts paying attention during class. |
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| 3 | |
Ms. Santos is explaining geometric angles, when she sees Stanley poke his pencil in Sharon's arm. Sharon winces but does not say anything. Ms. Santos immediately tells Stanley that he has lost 10 minutes of recess. In this scenario, Ms. Santos used a _________. |
| | A) | positive reinforcer |
| | B) | negative reinforcer |
| | C) | punishment |
| | D) | none of the above are correct |
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| 4 | |
Mr. Elliot is walking around the learning centers in the room helping his students with their activity. Jack tells Mr. Elliot that Jan is not doing her part of the work, in fact she is distracting them by telling them jokes. Mr. Elliot privately asks Jan to get to work and stop telling jokes or she will have to go back to her seat and work independently. Jan does not cause further problems in her group. In this example, Mr. Elliot used__________, and it was __________. |
| | A) | punishment, ineffective |
| | B) | negative reinforcer, effective |
| | C) | punishment, effective |
| | D) | negative reinforcer, ineffective |
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| 5 | |
The first step in self-regulated learning is ________. |
| | A) | goal-setting and strategic planning. |
| | B) | monitoring outcomes and refining strategies. |
| | C) | putting a plan into action and monitoring the plan |
| | D) | self-evaluation and self-monitoring. |
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| 6 | |
Mr. Rojas says "what great behavior Daniel is showing, he is standing quietly in line the way he is supposed to be." Soon, all of the third graders in Mr. Rojas class are standing in line quietly like Daniel. Why did all of the third grade students imitate Daniel's behavior? |
| | A) | Because they were classically conditioned to do so |
| | B) | Because they watched Daniel, a model, be positively reinforced for doing so and thought they would be positively reinforced if they copied Daniel's behavior |
| | C) | Because Daniel was negatively reinforced by the teacher, and they wanted to be negatively reinforced as well |
| | D) | Because they watched Daniel, a model, be punished for doing so, and thought they would be punished if they did not copy Daniel's behavior |
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| 7 | |
Ally just received an A on her spelling test. Her teacher, Mrs. Succo, compliments her on her achievement. Ally continues to do well on her spelling tests. This scenario best depicts a________. |
| | A) | positive reinforcer |
| | B) | negative reinforcer |
| | C) | punishment |
| | D) | none of the above are correct |
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| 8 | |
According to Maslow's hierarchy of motives, which of the following needs must be satisfied before a person can attain esteem? |
| | A) | Safety |
| | B) | Cognitive |
| | C) | Self-actualization |
| | D) | Aesthetic |
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| 9 | |
The cognitive perspective on motivation emphasizes which of the following? |
| | A) | The student's capacity for personal growth. |
| | B) | The teacher's ability to influence the student's behavior. |
| | C) | The nature of the environment in which learning takes place. |
| | D) | The student's internal motivation to achieve. |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following factors would most likely increase intrinsic motivation to learn as a student progresses through the elementary to high school years? |
| | A) | Increased emphasis on the importance of getting good grades |
| | B) | Increased boredom as assignments become more tedious |
| | C) | Increased sense of being challenged at a level consistent with ability |
| | D) | Increased feelings of isolation due to teachers' behaviors toward students |
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| 11 | |
Mario is an eighth grade student whose older brother just dropped out of high school. Which of the following goals will most likely help Mario improve his self-efficacy and sense of achievement? |
| | A) | I want to graduate from high school. |
| | B) | I want to go to college someday. |
| | C) | I want to be a doctor or a lawyer when I grow up. |
| | D) | I want to get an A in science this semester. |
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| 12 | |
Mr. Thetu is trying to reach uninterested or alienated students and motivate them. Which of the following should he not do? |
| | A) | Work on developing a positive relationship |
| | B) | Make school more extrinsically interesting |
| | C) | Teach them strategies for making academic work more enjoyable |
| | D) | Consider a mentor |
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| 13 | |
Mr. Qintero has noticed that some of his best students possess the belief that they are able to learn class material, and they believe that they will be able to perform well in their school activities. Which of the following best describes these students? |
| | A) | These students lack attributions |
| | B) | These students are just very intelligent |
| | C) | These students have a high sense of self-efficacy |
| | D) | These students are completely extrinsically motivated |
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| 14 | |
Ms. Argoal wants to improve students' self-efficacy in her class. Which of the following would not be recommended for Ms. Argoal to do? |
| | A) | Teach specific strategies |
| | B) | Guide students in setting goals |
| | C) | Consider mastery |
| | D) | Use only extrinsic motivation |
| | E) | Provide students with support |
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| 15 | |
The school year began just last week, but Mrs. Rundra already knows that this school year will be challenging. She has a large number of students who are low achievers with low ability and who have difficulty keeping up and have developed low-achieving expectations, as well as students with failure syndrome, and students obsessed with protecting their self-worth by avoiding failure. All of the students described in this scenario can best be classified as being ________. |
| | A) | Discouraged students |
| | B) | Students who are lacking a need for affiliation |
| | C) | Students who are having trouble with their social contexts |
| | D) | Students who are having trouble with their social relationships |
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| 16 | |
Mr. Lobos is discussing Jessica's motivation with her parents at their scheduled parent-teacher conference. Her parents want to know how they can positively affect their child's motivation and achievement. Mr. Lobos tells them that they need to know enough about Jessica to know the right amount of challenge and the right amount of support. He also tells them that providing a positive climate will help to motivate Jessica to internalize her parents' values and goals. In addition, Mr. Lobos tells Jessica's parents that ________. |
| | A) | their demographic factors are really the only ones that will be of more importance |
| | B) | their close monitoring of her behavior and use of strict punishment is an asset |
| | C) | it is important to model motivated achievement behavior such as persistence and hard work |
| | D) | they should never exhibit any signs of failure in the home so that Jessica does not imitate that behavior |
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| 17 | |
Amber is the most popular girl in her class. She is always surrounded by many friends and dates regularly. Amber likes all of the attention; in fact, over the summers when her parents send her to spend time with her relatives in another city, Amber feels like something is drastically missing from her life. Although she loves her relatives, she does not receive the peer attention that she so craves. In fact, she can hardly wait to be back with her friends. Usually, as soon as she arrives in town, she throws a party where she will embellish her summer trip in order to maintain her friends' approval. Amber is displaying ________. |
| | A) | a strong need for affiliation. |
| | B) | a helpless orientation. |
| | C) | the failure syndrome. |
| | D) | an internal, unstable, and uncontrollable attribute |
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| 18 | |
Mrs. Pfeist has read research that has found that students who feel they have supportive, caring teachers are more strongly motivated to engage in academic work than students with unsupportive, uncaring teachers. Mrs. Pfeist would like to ensure that her ninth graders know that she cares. Which of the following is correct about teachers who care? |
| | A) | Teaches, even if students are not paying attention, so that they will know to pay attention next time |
| | B) | Forgets students' names often because it is not as important as getting them to listen |
| | C) | Makes an effort to make class interesting; teaches in a special way |
| | D) | Does not try to help students so that they will get it on their own |
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| 19 | |
Erica's mother is very independent, creative, and seems to live according to the beat of a different drummer. Although she has a few close friends, she is able to get along with many different types of people. Which term best describes Erica's mother? |
| | A) | democratic |
| | B) | self-actualized |
| | C) | extrinsically motivated |
| | D) | solution-oriented |
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| 20 | |
At the beginning of the school year, Latoya created a list. At the top of the list she wrote, "I want to finish reading a 100-page chapter book by the end of the month." What type of self-regulatory behavior is Latoya engaging in? |
| | A) | Goal setting |
| | B) | Self-monitoring |
| | C) | Extrinsic motivation |
| | D) | Peer modeling |
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| 21 | |
A teacher wants to have a class discussion on current events in which all 23 of her students can participate equally. Which of the following seating arrangements would be most suitable for this event? |
| | A) | Cluster style |
| | B) | Face-to-face style |
| | C) | Off-set style |
| | D) | Seminar style |
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