| Behaviorism | Psychological school emphasizing the importance of behavior and the external environment as a determinant of human behavior and learning.
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| Direct instruction model | An approach to teaching basic skills and sequential material, in which lessons are highly goal directed and learning environments are tightly structured by the teacher.
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| Distributed practice | Practice assigned to students to be done for brief periods spread over several sessions or periods of time.
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| Guided practice | Practice assigned to students to be completed under the guidance or watchful eye of the teacher.
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| Homework | Independent practice and academic work performed outside the classroom.
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| Independent practice | Practice given to students to accomplish on their own without the teacher's guidance.
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| Knowledge of results | Feedback given to students about their performance.
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| Massed practice | Practice assigned to students to be done during a single extended period of time.
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| Overlearning | Working or practicing a task or skill until it is learned completely and can be performed automatically.
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| Process-product research | Research method characterized by studying the relationships between what teachers do (process) and the effects on student achievement (product).
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| Seatwork | Independent practice and academic work performed in the classroom.
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| Social learning theory | Perspective about learning that posits that much of what humans learn is through the observation of others.
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| Task analysis | A process for breaking down complex learning tasks into fundamental parts or subdividing complex skills into specific subskills so they can be mastered one at a time.
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| Teacher effectiveness research | Refers to research that aims at finding relationships between teaching behavior and student achievement.
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