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The data from a between-subjects experiment must be submitted to a(n) in order to determine whether any group differences in performance are reliable. |
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If a difference between group means is found to be statistically significant, you can conclude that the results are probably . |
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If all subjects in an experiment are exposed to all levels of the independent variable, and the results are then statistically averaged over subjects, the experiment follows a(n) design. |
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The variation in scores across subjects that is produced by extraneous variables in an experiment is called variance. |
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Assigning participants to groups by drawing names out of a hat would be a crude example of the technique of . |
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In the design, subjects are assigned at random to one or the other of two groups. |
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If the levels of the independent variable represent qualitative (as opposed to quantitative) differences, a design is described as . |
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The least amount of information is obtained from a(n) design. |
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If the expectations of subjects concerning the effect of a treatment (such as a drug) may affect the dependent variable, you would want to include a(n) group in the design. |
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If subjects are first matched into pairs on some variable or variables, and then each pair is randomly split between two groups, the experiment follows a design. |
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occur when a previous treatment alters the behavior observed in a subsequent treatment. |
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Changes in performance that occur because subjects can compare what happens in one treatment with what happens in another are a result of . |
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involves assigning the various treatments of an experiment in a different order for different subjects. |
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If every possible order of treatments is represented exactly once, your design is said to be counterbalanced. |
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If only some of the possible treatment orders are included in a design, it is said to be counterbalanced. |
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You can use a Latin square to determine the order of treatments in your design if you choose to make the number of treatment orders equal to the number of . |
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If carryover from Treatment A to Treatment B is greater than carryover from Treatment B to Treatment A, your design suffers from the problem of carryover effects. |
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When changes in the level of the dependent variable are caused by a given treatment and these changes cannot be undone by subsequent changes, the changes are said to be . |
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The main advantage of making order of treatments an independent variable is that you can assess the size of any . |
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You should strongly consider using a within-subjects design when differences contribute heavily to variation in the dependent variable. |
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The column sums and row sums in the results of a factorial experiment represent the of the experiment. |
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Two lines on a graph represent the effect of Variable A on reaction time at two levels of Variable B. If the lines are , then an interaction is not present. |
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designs simultaneously assess the effects of an independent variable on two or more dependent variables. |
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Confounding variables affect the of a design. |
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