(See related pages)
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| cohort-sequential design | A developmental design including cross-sectional and longitudinal components. |
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| covariate | A correlational variable (usually a characteristic of the subject) included in an experiment to help reduce the error variance in statistical tests. |
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| cross-sectional design | A developmental design in which participants from two or more age groups are measured at about the same time. Comparisons are made across age groups to investigate age-related changes in behavior. |
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| equivalent time samples design | A variation of the time series design in which a treatment is administered repeatedly, with each administration followed by an observation period. |
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| interrupted time series design | A variation of the time series design in which changes in behavior are charted as a function of time before and after some naturally occurring event. |
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| longitudinal design | A developmental design in which a single group of subjects is followed over a specified period of time and measured at regular intervals. |
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| mixed design | An experimental design that includes between-subjects as well as within-subjects factors. Also called a split-plot design. |
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| nested design | An experimental design with a within-subjects factor in which different levels of one independent variable are included under each level of a between-subjects factor. |
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| nonequivalent control group design | A time series experiment that includes a control group that is not exposed to the experimental treatment. |
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| pretest–posttest design | A research design that involves measuring a dependent variable (pretest), then introducing the treatment, and then measuring the dependent variable a second time (posttest). |
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| quasi-experimental design | A design resembling an experimental design but using quasi-independent rather than true independent variables. |
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| quasi-independent variable | A variable resembling an independent variable in an experiment, but whose levels are not assigned to subjects at random (e.g., the subject's age). |
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| Solomon four-group design | An expansion of the pretest–posttest design that includes control groups to evaluate the effects of administering a pretest on your experimental treatment. |
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| time series design | A research design in which behavior of subjects in naturally occurring groups is measured periodically both before and after introduction of a treatment. |