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involves classifying behaviors within a given area of research, identifying potentially important variables, and identifying relationships between those variables and the behaviors. |
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usually begins after you have gathered enough information about behavior, allowing you to develop supportable explanations for that behavior. |
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Your ability to distinguish between causal and correlational relationships depends on your degree of . |
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When you establish a(n) , you say that two or more variables are related, but do not necessarily influence one another. |
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Two types of variables that are often considered in correlational studies are and . |
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Based on correlational research, you cannot always specify whether changes in variable A cause changes in variable B, or visa versa. This is known as the problem. |
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Research in which you manipulate a variable and control extraneous variables is known as research. |
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In an experiment, the value of the is set by the experimenter. |
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The behavior that you record in a study is the . |
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The specific conditions associated with each level of an independent variable are called the of an experiment. |
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In an experiment, the group receiving the treatment is called the group. |
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Two ways to control the effects of extraneous variables are to and . |
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You place the names of your participants on slips of paper and then assign them to treatment groups by pulling their names out of a hat. This illustrates . |
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In an experiment, participants in the group do not receive your experimental treatment. |
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In a(n) , you expose a single group of participants to only one treatment condition. |
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The ability of your research design to adequately test your hypotheses is known as . |
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The presence of confounding variables in an experiment poses a serious threat to . |
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The presence of a(n) interferes with establishing a clear causal connection between your independent and dependent variables. |
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effects occur if a pretest sensitizes participants to what you are investigating in your study. |
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The differential loss of subjects from groups in a study is known as . |
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The degree to which results from an experiment generalize to situations beyond the original research situation is called . |
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According to your text, you would be most concerned with internal validity if you were doing . |
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You achieve the maxim level of control over extraneous variables in the research setting. |
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The degree to which a simulation psychologically involves participants is . |
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High levels of are obtained in a field experiment. |
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