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| 1 | |
According to your text, a major ethical issue arising from Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study was that: |
| | A) | a child was used in the study. |
| | B) | informed consent was not obtained. |
| | C) | there was no control group in the experiment. |
| | D) | All of the above |
| | E) | Both a and b |
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| 2 | |
According to your text, the biggest ethical issue raised by Ax's study of emotions was: |
| | A) | the use of deception. |
| | B) | payment of participants. |
| | C) | nonvoluntary partcipation. |
| | D) | None of the above |
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| 3 | |
The APA ethical code emerged: |
| | A) | rapidly in the early part of the 20th century in response to unethical research. |
| | B) | because psychologists are not qualified to make judgments about the ethics of research. |
| | C) | gradually over the 20th century. |
| | D) | even though there was little concern expressed about the ethics of psychological research. |
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| 4 | |
According to your text, one of the earliest precursors of the APA ethical code that emerged after World War II was the: |
| | A) | Declaration of Helsinki. |
| | B) | Belmont Report. |
| | C) | HHS code of ethical conduct. |
| | D) | Nuremberg Code. |
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| 5 | |
According to your text, the Declaration of Helsinki stated that: |
| | A) | the welfare of research participants must be protected. |
| | B) | research must conform to basic scientific principles. |
| | C) | research must be based on relevant scientific literature. |
| | D) | All of the above |
| | E) | Both a and b only |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the principles set forth in the Belmont Report? |
| | A) | justice |
| | B) | beneficence |
| | C) | freedom |
| | D) | respect for persons |
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| 7 | |
The Belmont Report's mandate that the welfare of research participants must be protected is embodied in the principle of: |
| | A) | beneficence. |
| | B) | justice. |
| | C) | reciprocity. |
| | D) | respect for persons. |
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| 8 | |
The Principle of Justice in the Belmont Report: |
| | A) | mandates that research participants be protected from harm. |
| | B) | divides responsibility between research participants and researchers. |
| | C) | states that research must be based on accepted laws. |
| | D) | states that research participants must be treated as autonomous individuals. |
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| 9 | |
According to your text, the rule that informed consent must be obtained flows from which of the following Belmont Report principles? |
| | A) | reciprocity |
| | B) | justice |
| | C) | beneficence |
| | D) | respect for persons |
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| 10 | |
Ethical rules flowing from the Beneficence Principle in the Belmont Report include: |
| | A) | to use research methods with the lowest risk possible. |
| | B) | to maintain participant confidentiality. |
| | C) | to avoid exploiting vulnerable populations. |
| | D) | All of the above |
| | E) | Both a and b |
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| 11 | |
The ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association are contained in the: |
| | A) | Belmont Report. |
| | B) | Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct 2002. |
| | C) | APA Code of Ethical Conduct 1957. |
| | D) | Nuremberg Code. |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following is not one of the APA ethical guidelines for use of human participants in research? |
| | A) | Participation in research must be voluntary. |
| | B) | Participants must have the right to decline participation at any time. |
| | C) | Participants cannot be paid for their service in research. |
| | D) | Participants must be informed of any aspects of the experiment that might effect their decision to participate. |
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| 13 | |
According to your text, the U.S. government developed the HHS guidelines because: |
| | A) | ethical abuses continued, despite existing ethical codes. |
| | B) | APA ethical guidelines were too vague. |
| | C) | there was no there were no ethical guidelines that applied to psychological research. |
| | D) | scientists wanted a unified document that applied to all research situations. |
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| 14 | |
According to your text, doing research on the Internet raises important issues relating mainly to: |
| | A) | deception in research. |
| | B) | informed consent issues. |
| | C) | privacy and confidentiality issues. |
| | D) | All of the above |
| | E) | Both b and c |
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| 15 | |
According to the results of a study by Hudson and Bruckman (2004): |
| | A) | participants in Internet chat rooms were very willing to opt into a study when given the opportunity. |
| | B) | very few participants in Internet chat rooms opted out when give the opportunity. |
| | C) | chat room participants were not very receptive to the idea of being in research. |
| | D) | only women in Internet chat rooms had a problem with being in a research study. |
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| 16 | |
Before you can run your research, an IRB reviews your research to make sure that: |
| | A) | participants are treated according to accepted ethical standards. |
| | B) | you do not have any extraneous variables in your study that could confound your results. |
| | C) | your sample is truly random. |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 17 | |
According to your text, a proposal submitted to an IRB for approval will most likely have to include: |
| | A) | a description of the procedures to be used in your study. |
| | B) | a statement of the potential risks to your participants. |
| | C) | a statement of how informed consent will be obtained. |
| | D) | All of the above |
| | E) | Both a and b |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following is true concerning the IRB? |
| | A) | A researcher is not required to submit a proposal to an IRB in most institutions. |
| | B) | Obtaining IRB approval protects the researcher from legal liability. |
| | C) | IRB approval represents only a suggestion on how to treat participants and is not binding on the researcher. |
| | D) | Researchers can ignore the IRB because merely submitting a proposal protects the researcher from legal liability. |
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| 19 | |
According to your text, one of the main advantages of using animal subjects is that: |
| | A) | you can perform procedures on animals that are not ethically permissible on humans. |
| | B) | you need not worry about ethical issues when using animal subjects. |
| | C) | animals are less sensitive to pain than humans. |
| | D) | you don't have to worry about having a research proposal screened for ethics. |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following was listed in your text as an APA ethical principle guiding research with animal subjects? |
| | A) | The researcher must take steps to minimize the suffering of animals used in research. |
| | B) | Accepted and humane procedures are to be used to terminate an animal's life. |
| | C) | Research assistants cannot carry out animal research, even if they are trained. |
| | D) | All of the above |
| | E) | Both a and b only |
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| 21 | |
Members of the _________ review research proposals involving animal subjects. |
| | A) | IRB |
| | B) | AIRB |
| | C) | IACUC |
| | D) | NCAA |
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| 22 | |
According to your text, who should be on a committee to review proposals for animal research? |
| | A) | a veterinarian trained in laboratory animal science or medicine |
| | B) | a member of the public not affiliated with animal research or the sponsoring institution |
| | C) | a practicing scientist who does animal research |
| | D) | All of the above |
| | E) | Both a and b |
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| 23 | |
When considering whether research using animal subjects should be done, researchers must consider: |
| | A) | the cost of the study to the animals weighed against its potential benefits. |
| | B) | the likelihood that the I-knew-it-all-along effect will occur. |
| | C) | only the importance of the potential contributions of the study. |
| | D) | only how the animals will be affected by the research. |
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| 24 | |
According to your text, it is important for researchers to treat science ethically because unethical conduct by researchers can: |
| | A) | erode the public's confidence in science. |
| | B) | harm large groups of individuals. |
| | C) | cause funding for research to dry up. |
| | D) | All of the above |
| | E) | Both a and b |
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| 25 | |
According to your text, the Office of Research Integrity: |
| | A) | investigates allegations of research fraud only in the medical field. |
| | B) | investigates allegations of research fraud in the social sciences in addition to those from other disciplines. |
| | C) | has little power to enforce sanctions on perpetrators of research fraud. |
| | D) | has had very little success investigating cases of research fraud. |
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| 26 | |
According to your text, fraud in research comprises: |
| | A) | outright fabrication of data. |
| | B) | altering data to make them look better. |
| | C) | publishing stolen work. |
| | D) | All of the above |
| | E) | Both a and c |
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| 27 | |
According to your text, with respect to the prevalence of research fraud, which of the following is true? |
| | A) | Research fraud is relatively rare. |
| | B) | Even if fraud is rare, it is still potentially harmful to the image of science. |
| | C) | Research fraud is moderately prevalent. |
| | D) | Both a and b only |
| | E) | Both b and c only |
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| 28 | |
According to Bell (1992), a major factor contributing to fraud in research is: |
| | A) | competition for scarce research funding. |
| | B) | the dishonesty of most scientists. |
| | C) | little fear of getting caught. |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 29 | |
According to your text, one of the best ways to deal with research fraud is to: |
| | A) | tighten up the peer review process. |
| | B) | require researchers to have their findings independently replicated. |
| | C) | train researchers early in their careers about the importance of research honesty. |
| | D) | make more grant money available to relive some of the pressure on researchers. |
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| 30 | |
According to your text, one factor that might discourage someone from reporting research fraud is that: |
| | A) | most people don't know what constitutes research fraud. |
| | B) | dishonest researchers are very good at covering their tracks. |
| | C) | negative consequences may occur for reporting research fraud. |
| | D) | All of the above |
| | E) | None of the above |
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