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| 1 | |
Surveys are used to: |
| | A) | establish causal relationships among variables. |
| | B) | evaluate specific attitudes and behaviors. |
| | C) | predict behavior. |
| | D) | Both b and c |
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| 2 | |
In survey research, when you ensure that data are not reported along with respondents' names, you are maintaining: |
| | A) | confidentiality. |
| | B) | anonymity. |
| | C) | validity. |
| | D) | reliability. |
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| 3 | |
The first step in designing a questionnaire is to: |
| | A) | write as many items as you can think of and pare down the number later. |
| | B) | clearly define your independent and dependent variables. |
| | C) | clearly define the topic of your study. |
| | D) | test your hypotheses. |
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| 4 | |
It is important to properly design a questionnaire because: |
| | A) | an improperly designed questionnaire will preclude uncovering causal relationships among variables. |
| | B) | an improperly designed questionnaire may yield data that are confusing and difficult to analyze. |
| | C) | statistical techniques (for example, correlations) cannot be applied to items that are poorly worded. |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 5 | |
On a questionnaire, you include questions assessing each participant's age, sex, and income level. These variables are: |
| | A) | personality characteristics. |
| | B) | criterion variables. |
| | C) | demographics. |
| | D) | independent variables. |
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| 6 | |
The major advantage of an open-ended questionnaire item is that it: |
| | A) | provides participants with set response categories and thus limits the range of responses. |
| | B) | can be used to help establish causal relationships among variables. |
| | C) | yields information that is more complete than the information obtained with a more restricted item. |
| | D) | None of the above |
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| 7 | |
The multiple-choice items on this practice test would be classified as: |
| | A) | open-ended. |
| | B) | restricted. |
| | C) | partially restricted. |
| | D) | partially open-ended. |
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| 8 | |
A questionnaire item that provides an "other" alternative is known as a(n) _________ item. |
| | A) | open-ended |
| | B) | partially restricted |
| | C) | restricted |
| | D) | partially open-ended |
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| 9 | |
The decision to label each point on a rating scale or only some of the points: |
| | A) | makes little difference. |
| | B) | makes a big difference because labeling every point changes the underlying psychological dimension being measured. |
| | C) | may make a big difference, especially when you are measuring a sensitive issue (for example, sexual behavior). |
| | D) | is largely irrelevant because research shows that labeling each point is best. |
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| 10 | |
According to your text, which of the following is a suggestion for writing good questionnaire items? |
| | A) | Use simple, rather than complex words. |
| | B) | Avoid asking for too much information in a question. |
| | C) | Soften the impact of potentially sensitive questions. |
| | D) | All of the above |
| | E) | Both a and b |
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| 11 | |
A(n) _________ provides respondents with a series of statements to which respondents indicate degrees of agreement or disagreement. |
| | A) | rating scale |
| | B) | Dillman scale |
| | C) | Likert scale |
| | D) | open-ended scale |
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| 12 | |
According to your text, demographic items should: |
| | A) | NOT be placed at the beginning of your questionnaire. |
| | B) | be placed at the beginning of your questionnaire. |
| | C) | be left of your questionnaire altogether. |
| | D) | ask about sensitive information and be placed at the beginning of your questionnaire. |
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| 13 | |
Keeping related questionnaire items together increases your questionnaire's: |
| | A) | reliability. |
| | B) | validity. |
| | C) | continuity. |
| | D) | readability. |
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| 14 | |
According to the text, it is a good idea to put objectionable questions: |
| | A) | after less objectionable ones. |
| | B) | first on your questionnaire to get them out of the way. |
| | C) | in one place on your questionnaire, either before or after less objectionable ones. |
| | D) | None of the above; objectionable items should not be included at all. |
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| 15 | |
The "________" of your questionnaire should lead your respondent through your questionnaire as if she were reading a book. |
| | A) | graphical language |
| | B) | navigational path |
| | C) | road map |
| | D) | conceptual path |
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| 16 | |
A major problem with mail surveys is: |
| | A) | lack of continuity. |
| | B) | nonresponse bias. |
| | C) | that they are often confusing for participants to complete. |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 17 | |
An advantage of conducting a survey on the Internet is that: |
| | A) | you can reach many potential participants easily. |
| | B) | data can be collected quickly and easily. |
| | C) | you can be sure your sample is more representative of the population than other questionnaire administration techniques. |
| | D) | Both a and b |
| | E) | All of the above |
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| 18 | |
According to the text, a disadvantage of conducting a survey on the Internet is that: |
| | A) | surveys are too time-consuming to run on the Internet. |
| | B) | your sample of respondents may not be representative of the general population. |
| | C) | you can only put noncontroversial questionnaires on the Internet. |
| | D) | None of the above |
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| 19 | |
A problem inherent in face-to-face interviews that is not a problem in a mail survey is: |
| | A) | the demeanor and appearance of the interviewer affecting responses. |
| | B) | that you cannot ask sensitive questions during a face-to-face interview. |
| | C) | that face-to-face interviews are limited to complex issues. |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 20 | |
The method of establishing the reliability of a questionnaire involving the administration of a questionnaire more than once is known as: |
| | A) | criterion-based reliability. |
| | B) | test-retest reliability. |
| | C) | internal consistency. |
| | D) | split-half reliability. |
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| 21 | |
When establishing _______________, you administer alternate, equivalent forms of a questionnaire to the same participants. |
| | A) | parallel-form reliability |
| | B) | split-half reliability |
| | C) | internal consistency |
| | D) | None of the above |
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| 22 | |
According to the text, the best way to assess split-half reliability is to: |
| | A) | correlate items from the first half with items from the second half of your questionnaire. |
| | B) | correlate odd-numbered items with even-numbered items. |
| | C) | split up your questionnaire into at least four parts and correlate each part with all others. |
| | D) | None of the above |
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| 23 | |
According to the text, you can increase reliability by: |
| | A) | increasing the number of items on your questionnaire. |
| | B) | scoring your questionnaire carefully. |
| | C) | standardizing administration procedures. |
| | D) | All of the above |
| | E) | Both a and c |
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| 24 | |
Which of the following would be a way to establish the validity of a questionnaire? |
| | A) | assessing content validity |
| | B) | assessing criterion-related validity |
| | C) | assessing test-retest validity |
| | D) | All of the above |
| | E) | Both a and b only |
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| 25 | |
A sample that includes participants whose characteristics closely match the characteristics of the population is: |
| | A) | valid. |
| | B) | reliable. |
| | C) | representative. |
| | D) | responsive. |
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| 26 | |
In a(n) _________ sample, every member of the population has an equal chance of appearing in your sample. |
| | A) | random |
| | B) | reliable |
| | C) | unsystematic |
| | D) | clustered |
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| 27 | |
Stratified sampling is used to: |
| | A) | reduce nonresponse bias. |
| | B) | ensure that members of different segments of a population are represented in your sample. |
| | C) | reduce the randomness in sampling. |
| | D) | None of the above |
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| 28 | |
Sometimes, stratified sampling does not solve the problem it is intended to solve and may even create more problems. If this is the case, then ___________ is used. |
| | A) | sampling with replacement |
| | B) | cluster sampling |
| | C) | proportionate sampling |
| | D) | modified-stratified sampling |
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| 29 | |
Two factors that enter into determining the number of participants needed to ensure a valid survey are: |
| | A) | population characteristics and sampling technique. |
| | B) | administration technique and population characteristics. |
| | C) | sampling technique and the amount of acceptable error. |
| | D) | the amount of acceptable error and expected magnitude of proportions in the population. |
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| 30 | |
The finite population correction is used when: |
| | A) | the population from which you sample is small. |
| | B) | you want to correct for nonresponse bias. |
| | C) | the population from which you sample is large. |
| | D) | a minority group is overrepresented in your population. |
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