History of the Standards and Accountability Movement

For more information on Goals 2000, the National Council on Educational Standards and Testing, and the Educate America Act, see:

Original eight education goals http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/goals2000/whatisG2K.htm

Goals 2000: Reforming Education to Improve Student Achievement http://www.ed.gov/pubs/G2KReforming/

Goals 2000 Legislation and Related Items http://www.ed.gov/G2K/

The "No Child Left Behind Act" of 2001

For details on and provisions of the 2002 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, see:

"ESEA to Boost Federal Role in Education," by Robert Rothman, on the Education Week web site at http://www.edweek.org/ew/newstory.cfm?slug=16esea.h21.

The NCLB Website: http://www.ed.gov/nclb/landing.jhtml?src=pb

The Case for Standardized Testing

For information on the arguments for both standards and standardized testing, see

Fordham Foundation position on standards and accountability, at:

http://www.edexcellence.net/topics/standards.html

For more information on standardized testing, see the following:

National Science Foundation, Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing

http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/seind93/chap1/doc/1f193.htm

The Case for Multiple Forms of Assessment

For insights into the variety of criticisms of "high stakes" testing, and for research and proposals on multiple forms of assessment, see the following:

"Principles and Indicators for Student Assessment Systems" http://www.fairtest.org/princind.htm

Robert B, Reich - "Standards For What?" http://www.edweek.org/ew/ewstory.cfm?slug=41reich.h20

For examples of multiple forms of assessments, the following web sites may be useful:

North Central Regional Educational Laboratory http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/methods/assment/as8lk30.htm

American Evaluation Association http://www.eval.org/

Alfie Kohn

For more about Alfie Kohn and his ideas, see

Alfie Kohn's web page http://www.alfiekohn.org/

Alfie Kohn, "For Best Results, Forget the Bonus" http://www.thinksmart.com/articles/forgetbonus.html

Alfie Kohn, "How Not to Teach Values: A Critical Look at Character Education" http://www.padnet.org/archkohn.html

"Carrots or Sticks? Alfie Kohn on Rewards and Punishments" http://www.education-world.com/a_curr/curr299.shtml