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These objectives are expanded from the Focus Questions found in the margins of your textbook. When you have mastered the material in this chapter, you will be able to:
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1.1 Define psychology, and indicate what types of behaviors it incorporates. |
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1.2 Define critical thinking, and describe the types of questions involved in critical thinking. |
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1.3 Differentiate between basic and applied research, and describe studies illustrating the relationship between them. |
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1.4 List and describe the five central goals of psychology. |
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1.5 Describe the levels-of-analysis framework, and give an example of how it can be applied. |
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1.6 Describe how mind-body interactions help explain behavioral phenomena like voodoo death. |
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1.7 Contrast the positions of dualism and monism as they apply to the mind-body problem. |
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1.8 Describe how British empiricism, early work in physiology and psychophysics, and Darwin's theory of evolution paved the way for the field of psychology. |
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1.9 Describe the goals of structuralism and functionalism, and identify researchers from each school. |
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1.10 Describe the method of introspection. |
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1.11 Describe the psychodynamic perspective, highlighting Freud's psychoanalytic theory. |
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1.12 Contrast Freud's psychoanalytic theory with modern psychodynamic theories. |
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1.13 Describe the behavioral perspective, highlighting the work of Pavlov, Thorndike, Watson, and Skinner. |
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1.14 Describe the humanistic perspective, highlighting the work of Maslow and Rogers. |
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1.15 Describe the cognitive perspective, including Gestalt psychology, cognitive neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and social constructivism. |
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1.16 Describe the sociocultural perspective, and define culture, norms, and socialization. |
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1.17 Differentiate between individualist and collectivist societies. |
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1.18 Describe the purpose, methods, and results of research on love and marriage across cultures by Levine et al. |
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1.19 Describe the biological perspective, highlighting research in behavioral neurosciences, behavioral genetics, and evolutionary psychology. |
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1.20 Contrast evolutionary and sociocultural perspectives in explaining behavioral phenomena. |
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1.21 Compare and contrast the six psychological perspectives in explaining behavior: behavioral, biological, cognitive, humanistic, psychodynamic, and sociocultural. |
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1.22 Explain how the levels-of-analysis framework integrates the six perspectives of psychology. |
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1.23 Using the three levels of analysis, outline possible causal factors in depression. |
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1.24 List and describe the activities associated with various specialty areas within psychology. |
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1.25 List and describe the major professional associations of psychologists. |
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1.26 Describe the training needed for the various types of psychologists and psychiatrists. |
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1.27 Explain how psychology helps to shape public policy. |
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1.28 Describe research-based strategies to improve academic performance, including effective time management, improving study habits, and preparing for and taking tests. |