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| 1 | |
According to Freud, the _______________ operates according to the reality principle. |
| | A) | id |
| | B) | ego |
| | C) | preconscious |
| | D) | superego |
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| 2 | |
Freud suggested that people use _________________ to protect themselves from anxiety. |
| | A) | psychic energy |
| | B) | defense mechanisms |
| | C) | the id |
| | D) | the superego |
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| 3 | |
According to Freud, the __________ stage contributes to the development of gender identity. |
| | A) | phallic |
| | B) | latency |
| | C) | anal |
| | D) | oral |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following is a potential weakness of Freud's theory? |
| | A) | Its concepts are ambiguous and difficult to measure. |
| | B) | Freud used experimental analysis to develop his theories and didn't rely on case studies. |
| | C) | There is no evidence for the existence of the unconscious. |
| | D) | In developing his theory, Freud took only adult development into consideration. |
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| 5 | |
Gabrijela's parents demonstrate love towards her when she behaves in a way they approve of, but not when she behaves in a way that they disapprove of. Gabrijela's parents behavior can best be described as |
| | A) | leading to a healthy development of her self-concept. |
| | B) | likely to lead Gabrijela to achieving self-actualization. |
| | C) | conditional positive regard. |
| | D) | unconditional positive regard. |
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| 6 | |
Milo feels free to be himself. He is unconcerned with the expectations other have for him and does not have a rigid self-concept. Rogers would likely conclude that Milo |
| | A) | should be more concerned with the expectations of others. |
| | B) | is maladjusted. |
| | C) | will have a difficult time behaving spontaneously and creatively. |
| | D) | is a fully functioning person. |
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| 7 | |
The Five Factor Model identifies five traits that may be universal to the human species. These traits are |
| | A) | openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. |
| | B) | aggressiveness, introversion, neuroticism, consideration, and openness. |
| | C) | openness, conscientiousness, excitability, aggressiveness, and neuroticism. |
| | D) | openness, conscientiousness, enticeability, agreeableness, and neuroticism. |
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| 8 | |
People who are high in self-monitoring can best be described as |
| | A) | very attentive to situational cues and likely to adjust to these cues. |
| | B) | highly concerned with their own beliefs and inattentive to the opinions of others. |
| | C) | highly egotistical. |
| | D) | inattentive to situational cues. |
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| 9 | |
Dr. Jones believes that maladjustment often results from an inflexible self-concept that ultimately leads to incongruence between one's experience and self-concept. Dr. Jones' view is best aligned with the views of |
| | A) | Sigmund Freud. |
| | B) | George Kelly. |
| | C) | Alfred Adler. |
| | D) | Carl Rogers. |
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| 10 | |
The factor analytic approach to personality can best be described as |
| | A) | a method for uncovering unconscious causes of behavior. |
| | B) | a method for identifying basic traits. |
| | C) | an approach that has very little research support. |
| | D) | emphasizing the importance of unconditional positive regard. |
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| 11 | |
Raymond Cattell, a prominent personality theorist, identified _____ basic behavior factors. |
| | A) | 16 |
| | B) | 5 |
| | C) | 35 |
| | D) | 50 |
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| 12 | |
Eysenck proposed that individuals who are extreme extraverts |
| | A) | have brains that are chronically overaroused. |
| | B) | have brains that are chronically underaroused. |
| | C) | are relatively stable. |
| | D) | are relatively unstable. |
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| 13 | |
An individual's temperament is |
| | A) | assumed to have a strong environmental basis. |
| | B) | apparent only after the age of 5. |
| | C) | proven to determine later success in life. |
| | D) | assumed to have a biological basis. |
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| 14 | |
Dr. Gomez believes that personality is primarily a function of the interaction among the person, the person's behavior, and the environment. His belief is aligned with the concept of |
| | A) | self-reinforcement. |
| | B) | reciprocal determinism. |
| | C) | self-verification. |
| | D) | strategic pluralism. |
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| 15 | |
Lutecia believes that she has control over her own life. She feels that her successes and failures are due to her own efforts. Lutecia can best be described as having a(n) |
| | A) | low level of self-efficacy. |
| | B) | unhealthy self-concept. |
| | C) | internal locus of control. |
| | D) | external locus of control. |
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| 16 | |
Jillian is very confident in her ability to accomplish her goals. Jillian can best be described as |
| | A) | high in self-efficacy. |
| | B) | having a high external locus of control. |
| | C) | being driven by her superego. |
| | D) | high in self-monitoring. |
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| 17 | |
The MMPI-2 is a personality test that is based on the |
| | A) | the biological approach. |
| | B) | trait approach. |
| | C) | social-cognitive approach. |
| | D) | psychoanalytic approach. |
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