 |
| 1 | |
Researchers are investigating the effects of test taking on student anxiety. In an experiment, the researchers consider anxiety to be an increase in physiological arousal including heart rate and perspiration. The researchers have just created a(n) |
| | A) | theory. |
| | B) | None of these. |
| | C) | hypothesis. |
| | D) | operational definition. |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
During a self-report, Andrea feels inclined to report how she thinks the researcher wants her to respond as opposed to how she truly feels. Andrea is exhibiting |
| | A) | social desirability bias. |
| | B) | social variability. |
| | C) | the importance of unobtrusive measurement. |
| | D) | evidence that self-reports should never be used in psychological research. |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
Which of the following is a strength of the case study method? |
| | A) | It may be used to challenge the validity of a theory or a widely held scientific belief. |
| | B) | It is allows researchers to determine cause-and-effect relationships. |
| | C) | It allows researchers to generalize. |
| | D) | It is an objective method of obtaining data. |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
Which of the following is true about naturalistic observation? |
| | A) | It is important for the researcher to be unobtrusive. |
| | B) | Bias in the recording of data is unlikely to occur. |
| | C) | It is an excellent method for determining cause-and-effect relationships. |
| | D) | Bias in the interpretation of data is unlikely to occur. |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
Researchers have found that the more violence children watch on television, the more violent they are likely to be. The relationship between violence on television and aggressive behavior in children can best be described as |
| | A) | a coefficient. |
| | B) | a cause-and-effect relationship. |
| | C) | a negative correlation. |
| | D) | a positive correlation. |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
Which of the following allows researchers conducting survey research to be confident that the sample represents the population? |
| | A) | Random assignment |
| | B) | Random sampling |
| | C) | Systematic sampling |
| | D) | None of these; there is no way to be confident that the sample represents the population. |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
Which of the following indicates the strongest correlation? |
| | A) | -.8 |
| | B) | +.45 |
| | C) | -.3 |
| | D) | +.66 |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
Researchers are investigating the effect of a new drug on anxiety. In this study, the drug is the |
| | A) | independent variable. |
| | B) | control variable. |
| | C) | dependent variable. |
| | D) | experimental variable. |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
In a study investigating the effects of a strategy for improving memory on recall on a test, the participants who don't use the strategy for improving memory are |
| | A) | in the experimental group. |
| | B) | receiving the dependent variable. |
| | C) | receiving the control variable. |
| | D) | in the control group. |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
Dr. Lewis is conducting an experiment. In his experiment, every participant will have an equal chance of being assigned to any group. In other words, Dr. Lewis is using |
| | A) | random assignment. |
| | B) | random sampling. |
| | C) | stratified random sampling. |
| | D) | controlled sampling. |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
Two variables that have effects on the dependent variable but cannot be distinguished from one another are described as |
| | A) | a confounding of variables. |
| | B) | having a lack of internal validity. |
| | C) | counterbalancing. |
| | D) | demand characteristics. |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
Researchers are conducting a double-blind experiment investigating the effects of a drug on depression. Participants are randomly divided into two groups—a control group and an experimental group. Although the control group participants received a sugar pill rather than the drug, many of them reported an improvement in their level of depression. This can best be described as |
| | A) | the influence of experimenter expectancy effects. |
| | B) | the placebo effect. |
| | C) | an invalid study. |
| | D) | the effect of confounding of variables. |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
When a study cannot be generalized to other populations, setting, and conditions, it is said to |
| | A) | lack external validity. |
| | B) | lack internal validity. |
| | C) | lack reliability. |
| | D) | be useless. |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
Which of the following is defined as the most frequently occurring score in a distribution? |
| | A) | Standard Deviation |
| | B) | Mean |
| | C) | Range |
| | D) | Mode |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
The ____________ of a set of data is significantly affected by extreme scores. |
| | A) | validity |
| | B) | mean |
| | C) | median |
| | D) | mode |
|
|
.