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These objectives are expanded from the Focus Questions found in the margins of your textbook. When you have mastered the material in this chapter, you will be able to:
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4.1 Differentiate between sensation and perception. |
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4.2 Define psychophysics, and describe the absolute threshold and signal detection methods of detecting stimuli. |
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4.3 Describe research findings on how subliminal stimuli affect attitudes and behavior. |
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4.4 Differentiate between absolute and difference thresholds. |
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4.5 Describe how Weber's law assists in determining the difference threshold. |
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4.6 Define sensory adaptation, and indicate its importance in detecting stimuli. |
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4.7 Identify and describe how the structures of the human eye are involved in the sense of vision. |
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4.8 Describe visual transduction and how it explains brightness vision and dark adaptation. |
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4.9 Explain color vision and color-deficient vision using the trichromatic, opponent-process, and dual-process theories. |
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4.10 Describe the process of perception in the visual cortex, including a description of feature detectors. |
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4.11 Describe the components of energy that are involved in the sense of audition. |
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4.12 Identify and describe how the structures of the ear are involved in the sense of hearing. |
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4.13 Explain audition using the frequency and place theories of pitch perception. |
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4.14 Describe sound localization. |
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4.15 Identify the different types of deafness, and explain how they occur. |
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4.16 Identify the structures involved in gustation, and describe important functions of the sense of taste. |
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4.17 Identify the structures involved in olfaction, and describe how olfaction regulates social and sexual behaviors. |
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4.18 Identify and describe the structures involved in the tactile and body senses. |
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4.19 Describe recent innovations in sensory prosthetics for patients with damage to specific sense systems. |
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4.20 Contrast bottom-up and top-down processing of sensory information. |
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4.21 Describe the two complementary processes that occur in attention. |
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4.22 Define inattentional blindness. |
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4.23 Describe the internal and external factors that influence attention. |
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4.24 Provide examples of Gestalt principles of perceptual organization. |
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4.25 Describe the roles of perceptual schemas, perceptual sets, and perceptual constancies in stimulus detection. |
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4.26 Describe the factors that account for shape, brightness, and size constancy in vision. |
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4.27 Describe and recognize monocular and binocular depth cues and cues for movement. |
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4.28 Identify the depth cues involved in creating visual illusions. |
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4.29 Define illusion, and describe how constancies and context are involved in visual illusions. |
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4.30 Describe Kraft's research on the visual illusions that cause pilot error, including purpose, methods, and results. |
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4.31 Describe the biological development of perceptual skills, and explain how they are affected by cross-cultural factors, critical periods, and experience. |
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4.32 Describe how studies of restricted stimulation and restored vision illustrate the role of critical periods in perceptual development. |