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| 1 | |
When a new acquaintance asks you for your phone number, you recite it without hesitation, even though you had not thought about your phone number for days. According to the Freudian view of levels of consciousness, your phone number is located in |
| | A) | the conscious mind. |
| | B) | the preconscious mind. |
| | C) | None of these; Freud's viewpoint cannot be applied to this situation. |
| | D) | the unconscious mind. |
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| 2 | |
Jennifer is very good at writing in cursive and habitually takes notes in class in cursive. For Jennifer, writing in cursive involves |
| | A) | automatic processing. |
| | B) | controlled processing. |
| | C) | selective attention. |
| | D) | priming. |
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| 3 | |
Most _____________ rhythms are regulated by _____________. |
| | A) | circadian; suprachiasmatic nuclei |
| | B) | biological; delta waves |
| | C) | circadian; beta waves |
| | D) | biological; suprachiasmatic nuclei |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following statements about night-shift work is TRUE? |
| | A) | Sleepiness while at work is a minor problem easily solved by having workers take "stretch" breaks. |
| | B) | Among the various circadian disruptions, it is one of the least problematic for society. |
| | C) | Engineering and industrial disasters peak between midnight and 6:00 A.M. |
| | D) | Those who engage in night-shift work find it relatively easy to reset their biological clocks. |
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| 5 | |
Suppose your friend is having difficulty sleeping and is considering taking a melatonin supplement. Knowing about the effects of melatonin, what would you advise? |
| | A) | Taking melatonin during the daytime is a good way to increase alertness. |
| | B) | Melatonin is a supplement that you would highly recommend because there is substantial research indicating its effectiveness. |
| | C) | Taking only 3-5 milligrams of melatonin is not harmful because this is only a very small proportion of the melatonin levels naturally found in the body. |
| | D) | Melatonin should be taken with caution because long-term effects have not yet been sufficiently studied. |
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| 6 | |
One night you wake up to find your roommate sleepwalking. Which stage(s) of sleep is your roommate most likely in? |
| | A) | Stage 1 |
| | B) | Stage 2 |
| | C) | REM |
| | D) | Stage 3 or 4 |
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| 7 | |
REM sleep is sometimes called paradoxical sleep because |
| | A) | in a normal REM sleep cycle, the person sleeping tosses and turns, yet has the sensation of being unable to move. |
| | B) | with proper training, the person sleeping is able to have elaborate dreams that are under his or her conscious control. |
| | C) | during a normal REM sleep cycle, one is likely to experience many confusing dreams. |
| | D) | during a normal REM sleep cycle, the body is highly aroused yet essentially paralyzed. |
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| 8 | |
Which of the following statements regarding the sleep changes we experience as we age is true? |
| | A) | REM sleep remains relatively stable after early childhood. |
| | B) | The amount of REM sleep substantially decreases during infancy. |
| | C) | The elderly generally sleep less than young adults, averaging less than 6 hours of sleep per night. |
| | D) | The elderly require more sleep than young adults, averaging more than 8 hours of sleep per night. |
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| 9 | |
Cataplexy, a sudden loss of muscle tone sometimes experienced by those with narcolepsy, is often instigated by |
| | A) | caffeine. |
| | B) | alcohol. |
| | C) | strenuous activity. |
| | D) | strong emotions. |
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| 10 | |
Debra sometimes appears to be acting out her dreams. She will often kick, punch, and get out of bed while sleeping. When Debra underwent studies in a sleep lab, doctors determined that her behavior occurred during REM. Debra most likely suffers from |
| | A) | night terrors. |
| | B) | REM-sleep behavior disorder. |
| | C) | nightmares. |
| | D) | narcolepsy. |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following is true regarding depressants? |
| | A) | They decrease nervous system activity. |
| | B) | They increase nervous system activity. |
| | C) | Even if consumed in high doses, depressants cannot lead to death. |
| | D) | They affect only the peripheral nervous system. |
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| 12 | |
Throughout the night, Tisha's husband repeatedly stops and restarts breathing. Sometimes her husband's breathing will cease for as long as a minute. Tisha's husband most likely suffers from |
| | A) | REM-sleep behavior disorder. |
| | B) | insomnia. |
| | C) | sleep apnea. |
| | D) | narcolepsy. |
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| 13 | |
Freud termed the underlying meaning of a dream the ____________, while he called the actual story that the dreamer reports the ____________. |
| | A) | symbolic content; manifest content. |
| | B) | symbolic content; real content. |
| | C) | latent content; manifest content. |
| | D) | manifest content; latent content. |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the use of alcohol and its effects? |
| | A) | Contrary to popular belief, alcohol is a depressant. |
| | B) | The "high" experienced from alcohol is due to its effect on inhibitory control centers in the brain. |
| | C) | About 40% of American and Canadian traffic accidents involve alcohol. |
| | D) | The "high" experienced from alcohol is due to its status as a stimulant. |
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| 15 | |
You and a friend are having a discussion about the effects of hypnosis on memory recall. Based on what you have learned in your textbook, which of the following statements are you most likely to agree with? |
| | A) | Testimony obtained under hypnosis should be allowed in court since it has been shown to be highly reliable. |
| | B) | There is no evidence to suggest that hypnosis may increase pain tolerance. |
| | C) | Those who are hypnotized are at an increased state of suggestibility, making them susceptible to memory distortion. |
| | D) | It is relatively easy for people to be hypnotized against their will. |
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