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| 1 | |
Laura associates a particular song with memories of her wedding. Laura's association is most likely due to |
| | A) | habituation. |
| | B) | classical conditioning. |
| | C) | operant conditioning. |
| | D) | observational learning. |
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| 2 | |
In Pavlov's classic study, prior to conditioning the tone was considered a(n) |
| | A) | unconditioned stimulus. |
| | B) | conditioned response. |
| | C) | conditioned stimulus. |
| | D) | neutral stimulus. |
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| 3 | |
Amanda was bitten by a dog when she was a child. Prior to being bitten, Amanda enjoyed playing with dogs and was not afraid of them. Now, Amanda becomes fearful when she sees a dog. For Amanda, dogs are |
| | A) | a conditioned stimulus. |
| | B) | an unconditioned stimulus. |
| | C) | a neutral stimulus. |
| | D) | an unconditioned response. |
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| 4 | |
Repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, resulting in the elimination of the conditioned response, is called |
| | A) | habituation. |
| | B) | backward conditioning. |
| | C) | extinction. |
| | D) | forward conditioning. |
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| 5 | |
Carl was working in his garage when he was bitten by a brown recluse spider and had to be rushed to the hospital. Ever since then, Carl is afraid of ALL spiders. This is best explained by the concept of |
| | A) | spontaneous recovery. |
| | B) | generalization. |
| | C) | discrimination. |
| | D) | forward conditioning. |
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| 6 | |
Michael is addicted to alcohol. His psychiatrist has decided to prescribe him a drug that will produce extreme nausea when alcohol is consumed. This is known as |
| | A) | generalization. |
| | B) | aversion therapy. |
| | C) | systematic desensitization. |
| | D) | operant conditioning. |
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| 7 | |
In an effort to encourage Melissa to do well in school, her parents have decided to give her $20 for every "A" she receives on her report card. Melissa's parents are using |
| | A) | response cost. |
| | B) | positive reinforcement. |
| | C) | negative reinforcement. |
| | D) | aversive punishment. |
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| 8 | |
Ryan was riding his bike and was looking down at the pedals when he fell and broke his arm. Ryan no longer looks down at the pedals while riding his bike. This is best explained by the concept of |
| | A) | negative reinforcement. |
| | B) | positive reinforcement. |
| | C) | positive punishment. |
| | D) | negative punishment. |
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| 9 | |
Whenever Tyler talks back to his parents, they take away his driving privileges. Tyler's talking back has decreased over time. Tyler's parents are using |
| | A) | negative punishment, also known as response cost. |
| | B) | positive punishment, also known as response cost. |
| | C) | negative reinforcement, also known as punishment. |
| | D) | positive reinforcement, also known as punishment. |
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| 10 | |
Claire works at a car dealership. For every three cars she sells, she receives a $300 bonus. What schedule of reinforcement is her employer using? |
| | A) | Fixed-interval |
| | B) | Variable-ratio |
| | C) | Fixed-ratio |
| | D) | Continuous |
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| 11 | |
What schedule of reinforcement maintains gambling behavior? |
| | A) | Variable-ratio |
| | B) | Fixed-interval |
| | C) | Variable-interval |
| | D) | Fixed-ratio |
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| 12 | |
A _____________ schedule of reinforcement produces the most rapid learning. |
| | A) | fixed-interval |
| | B) | variable-ratio |
| | C) | fixed-ratio |
| | D) | continuous |
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| 13 | |
Your tendency to associate a certain food with illness, as opposed to associating the food with a particular light or sound, is best explained by the concept of |
| | A) | preparedness. |
| | B) | conditioned taste aversion. |
| | C) | operant generalization. |
| | D) | instinctive drift. |
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| 14 | |
Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory stresses the importance of |
| | A) | fixed-action patterns. |
| | B) | stimulus control. |
| | C) | observational learning. |
| | D) | cognitive maps. |
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| 15 | |
Susan regularly allows her children to watch violence on television. Which of the following statements concerning Susan's children is MOST likely to be true? |
| | A) | Susan's children will likely become more and more sensitive to the sight of violence. |
| | B) | Susan's children are no more likely than any other children to behave aggressively. |
| | C) | Susan's children are more likely than other children to behave aggressively. |
| | D) | Susan's children will likely have an increased concern for the suffering endured by victims of violence. |
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