(See related pages)
These objectives are expanded from the Focus Questions found in the margins of your textbook. When you have mastered the material in this chapter, you will be able to:
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7.1 Define memory and the processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval. |
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7.2 Describe sensory memory, and explain how Sperling demonstrated it. |
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7.3 Describe short-term and working memory. |
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7.4 Describe the four major components of working memory. |
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7.5 Describe long-term memory and its limitations. |
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7.6 Explain the serial positioning effect using the three-stage model. |
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7.7 Differentiate between effortful and automatic processing. |
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7.8 Differentiate among structural, phonological, and semantic encoding, and explain how they relate to the levels-of-processing model. |
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7.9 Contrast maintenance and elaborative rehearsal. |
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7.10 Describe how dual coding with visual imagery, hierarchies, chunking, the method of loci, and other mnemonic devices improve encoding. |
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7.11 Define schema, and explain how schemas enhance encoding among experts and mnemonists, |
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7.12 Contrast theories of associative and neural networks, and use each to explain how memories are stored. |
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7.13 Define and describe priming. |
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7.14 Differentiate between declarative memory and procedural memory. |
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7.15 Define and recognize examples of explicit and implicit memories. |
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7.16 Explain how retrieval cues assist recall, and describe how flashbulb memories affect accuracy of memory. |
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7.17 Describe the benefit of multiple, self-generated, and distinctive cues. |
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7.18 Describe how confidence and memory accuracy are related. |
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7.19 Contrast and recognize examples of encoding specificity, context-dependent, state-dependent, and mood congruent recall. |
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7.20 Describe Ebbinghaus's research on forgetting. |
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7.21 Describe reasons for forgetting including encoding failure, decay theory, and interference theory. |
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7.22 Differentiate between retroactive interference and proactive interference. |
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7.23 Describe motivated forgetting, and explain why it is controversial. |
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7.24 Describe the memory problems associated with Alzheimer's disease and anterograde, retrograde, and infantile amnesias. |
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7.25 Differentiate between retrospective and prospective memory. |
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7.26 Describe the purpose, methods, and results of Roediger and McDermott's (1995) and Clancy, McNally, Schacter, Lenzeweger, and Pitman's (2002) studies on false memories. |
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7.27 Define the misinformation effect, and explain how it affects eyewitness testimony in children and adults. |
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7.28 Describe the research examining the recovered memory controversy. |
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7.29 Describe how culture affects memory. |
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7.30 Describe brain structures involved in memory and the process of long-term potentiation. |
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7.31 Describe research-based strategies for enhancing memory. |