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| 1 | |
The concept of ______________ allows language to be flexible, as it allows a finite number of words to be used to create an infinite number of expressions. |
| | A) | surface structure |
| | B) | generativity |
| | C) | displacement |
| | D) | syntax |
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| 2 | |
Your ability to talk about both the past and the future is referred to as |
| | A) | syntax. |
| | B) | displacement. |
| | C) | semantics. |
| | D) | generativity. |
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| 3 | |
Consider the following sentences: Maria gave Linda a gift. A gift was given to Linda by Maria. Given to Linda was a gift from Maria. These sentences all have the same ________________ but different ____________. |
| | A) | deep structure; surface structures |
| | B) | surface structure; deep structures |
| | C) | surface structure; syntax |
| | D) | syntax; deep structures |
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| 4 | |
Phonemes are |
| | A) | words that sound alike but are spelled differently, like "rain," "reign," and "rein." |
| | B) | the smallest units of sound that are recognized as separate in a given language. |
| | C) | the sounds represented by vowels. |
| | D) | unique to the English language. |
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| 5 | |
The concept that language influences how we think is a major premise of which of the following? |
| | A) | The linguistic relativity hypothesis |
| | B) | Social learning theory |
| | C) | Bottom-up processing |
| | D) | Dual-route models of word recognition |
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| 6 | |
For non-English speaking students, under which conditions do they appear to develop higher self-esteem, exhibit better academic performance, and appear notably more fluent in English? |
| | A) | Bilingual education settings that utilize their native language as well as the English language |
| | B) | Immersion in a setting emphasizing their native language with relatively little focus on English |
| | C) | Immersion in an English-only setting |
| | D) | Immersion in an English-only setting during the school day and an after-school program that incorporates their own language |
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| 7 | |
If you are more likely to consider baseball as a sport than race car driving, then your ______________ for the concept of "sport" is more closely aligned with baseball than with race car driving. |
| | A) | algorithm |
| | B) | heuristic |
| | C) | prototype |
| | D) | mental set |
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| 8 | |
Three-year-old Meredith has observed that her dog barks. She has also observed that her neighbor's dog barks. Meredith concludes that all dogs bark. Meredith's conclusion is best described by |
| | A) | confirmation bias. |
| | B) | inductive reasoning. |
| | C) | deductive reasoning. |
| | D) | divergent thinking. |
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| 9 | |
Ashley is planning a road trip to drive across the United States with her best friends. Rather than consider every possible road she could take, she decides to consider only the main roads since this is how she normally travels. What is Ashley using to plan her road trip? |
| | A) | A heuristic |
| | B) | An algorithm |
| | C) | Propositional thinking |
| | D) | A prototype |
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| 10 | |
The concept of _____________ can be described as making a judgment based on whatever comes to mind first. |
| | A) | confirmation bias |
| | B) | representativeness heuristic |
| | C) | functional fixedness |
| | D) | availability heuristic |
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| 11 | |
Bill is a smoker. He doesn't believe that smoking increases his risk of developing cancer. Bill searches for evidence on the Internet and in books to confirm his belief and ignores evidence that doesn't support his belief. Bill is exhibiting |
| | A) | confirmation bias. |
| | B) | a mental set. |
| | C) | the representativeness heuristic. |
| | D) | functional fixedness. |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following is a key characteristic of creative people? |
| | A) | Inductive reasoning |
| | B) | Functional fixedness |
| | C) | Divergent thinking |
| | D) | Convergent thinking |
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| 13 | |
Jill has been stranded at the airport for more than 12 hours. She is very sleepy but doesn't have a pillow. Her inability to see that her suitcase can be used is a pillow demonstrates the concept of |
| | A) | confirmation bias. |
| | B) | bottom-up processing. |
| | C) | divergent thinking. |
| | D) | functional fixedness. |
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| 14 | |
Your ability to know whether you understand a concept or not is called |
| | A) | metacognition. |
| | B) | wisdom. |
| | C) | belief bias. |
| | D) | propositional thought. |
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| 15 | |
Maria is planning a trip to Mexico. However, recently Maria is reconsidering her decision to fly because she has seen several articles in the newspaper about airplane crashes. Maria's reluctance to fly is influenced by |
| | A) | her prototype. |
| | B) | the availability heuristic. |
| | C) | confirmation bias. |
| | D) | the representativeness heuristic. |
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