| 1. Discuss Two Main Approaches to Understanding Adolescent Problems and the Characteristics of These Problems |
| | 1.1. The Bio-Psycho-Social Approach |
| | | 1.1.1. What are the three factors that might be the basis for adolescent problem behavior, and what are examples of each? |
| | | 1.1.2. What roles do the three factors play in the development and treatment of problem behavior? |
| | 1.2. The Developmental Psychopathology Approach |
| | | 1.2.1. What is the focus of the developmental psychopathology approach? |
| | | 1.2.2. Compare and contrast internalizing and externalizing problems. |
| | | 1.2.3. According to Sroufe, anxiety problems in adolescence are linked with what? |
| | 1.3. Characteristics of Adolescent Problems |
| | | 1.3.1. Describe the spectrum of adolescent problems. |
| | | 1.3.2. What correlation did Achenbach find between SES and behavior problems? |
| | | 1.3.3. What factors predict adolescent problems? |
| | | 1.3.4. According to The Search Institute, what are some internal and external assets of adolescents and what is their relationships with adjustment? |
| | 1.4. Resilience |
| | | 1.4.1. What is resilience? |
| | | 1.4.2. What are some examples of factors associated with resilience? |
| | | 1.4.3. Why might the study of resilience be important in understanding problem behavior? |
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| 2. Describe Some Main Problems that Characterize Adolescents |
| | 2.1. Drug Use |
| | | 2.1.1. Why do adolescents use drugs? |
| | | 2.1.2. What is tolerance? |
| | | 2.1.3. What is physical dependence? |
| | | 2.1.4. What are the characteristics of psychological dependence? |
| | | 2.1.5. What are some trends in drug use from the 1960s to the present? |
| | | 2.1.6. How does adolescent drug use in the United States compare to that in other industrialized countries? |
| | | 2.1.7. What type of drug is alcohol and what are its effects? |
| | | 2.1.8. How common is alcohol use by American adolescents? |
| | | 2.1.9. What are some potential negative outcomes of alcohol abuse? |
| | | 2.1.10. What are the rates of binge drinking among college students? |
| | | 2.1.11. Is there a genetic predisposition to alcoholism? |
| | | 2.1.12. What are the risk factors for adolescent alcohol use? |
| | | 2.1.13. What are factors protect against adolescent alcohol use? |
| | | 2.1.14. Is there a personality profile for someone who is likely to develop an alcohol problem? |
| | | 2.1.15. What are some possible preventative strategies for alcoholism? |
| | | 2.1.16. What drugs other than alcohol are harmful to adolescents? |
| | | 2.1.17. What are the nature and characteristics of hallucinogens, LSD, and marijuana? |
| | | 2.1.18. Describe trends over time of marijuana use. |
| | | 2.1.19. What are stimulants? |
| | | 2.1.20. What are the most widely used stimulants? |
| | | 2.1.21. How does cigarette smoking play a role in the drug problems of youth? |
| | | 2.1.22. What are the trends in adolescent smoking, and what can explain these trends? |
| | | 2.1.23. What are the effects of smoking at early ages? |
| | | 2.1.24. Have school health programs had success in deterring youth from smoking? |
| | | 2.1.25. What strategies have been effective in lower adolescent smoking rates? |
| | | 2.1.26. What are the effects of cocaine? |
| | | 2.1.27. How many adolescents use cocaine? |
| | | 2.1.28. What is crack, and how common is it? |
| | | 2.1.29. How prevalent is the use of amphetamines among adolescents? |
| | | 2.1.30. What is Ecstasy and what are some special concerns associated with it? |
| | | 2.1.31. What are the trends in adolescent Ecstasy use? |
| | | 2.1.32. What are depressants and what are some examples of depressants? |
| | | 2.1.33. How has the use of barbiturates changed over the past 25 years? |
| | | 2.1.34. What are opiates, and how frequently are they used by adolescents? |
| | | 2.1.35. What are anabolic steroids? |
| | | 2.1.36. What are the risks of using anabolic steroids? |
| | | 2.1.37. How common is the use of anabolic steroids? |
| | | 2.1.38. What role does early drug use play in adolescent development? |
| | | 2.1.39. What are the research findings regarding substance abuse of adolescents and emerging adults? |
| | | 2.1.40. How can parents and peers help prevent adolescent drug abuse? |
| | | 2.1.41. What community-wide intervention programs can help reduce adolescent drug use? |
| | 2.2. Juvenile Delinquency |
| | | 2.2.1. What is the nature of juvenile delinquency? |
| | | 2.2.2. What is the difference between index offenses and status offenses? |
| | | 2.2.3. Is it appropriate to try juveniles as adults in court? Why or why not? |
| | | 2.2.4. What is a conduct disorder? |
| | | 2.2.5. What percentage of adolescents engage in delinquent behaviors? |
| | | 2.2.6. What are the gender differences in delinquent behavior? |
| | | 2.2.7. What are the predictors of delinquency? |
| | | 2.2.8. In the Pittsburgh Youth Study, what were noted as the three developmental pathways to delinquency? |
| | | 2.2.9. What is Erikson's beliefs regarding youth and delinquency? |
| | | 2.2.10. How do family factors influence delinquency? |
| | | 2.2.11. In what way do peer relations play a role in delinquency? |
| | | 2.2.12. How is SES related to delinquency? |
| | | 2.2.13. How is the nature of a community related to delinquency? |
| | | 2.2.14. Why is the high rate of youth violence an increasing concern? |
| | | 2.2.15. What percent of public schools experience one or more serious violent incidents each year? |
| | | 2.2.16. What factors are often present in at-risk youths and seem to propel them towards violence? |
| | | 2.2.17. What factors are associated with lower incidences of violent behavior? |
| | | 2.2.18. What strategies have been proposed for reducing youth violence? |
| | | 2.2.19. What does research suggest about the effectiveness of school violence prevention programs? |
| | 2.3. Depression and Suicide |
| | | 2.3.1. What is major depressive disorder and what are its symptoms? |
| | | 2.3.2. How serious a problem is depression in adolescence? |
| | | 2.3.3. What is the rate of depression in females as opposed to males and why? |
| | | 2.3.4. Why does depression go undiagnosed in adolescence? |
| | | 2.3.5. Will a depressed adolescent be more likely to suffer from depression as an adult? |
| | | 2.3.6. What factors are associated with adolescent depression? |
| | | 2.3.7. What are the treatments for depression? |
| | | 2.3.8. What factors are related to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts? |
| | | 2.3.9. What is the rate of adolescent suicide? |
| | | 2.3.10. Why do adolescents attempt suicide? |
| | | 2.3.11. What proximal and distal factors are involved in suicide? |
| | | 2.3.12. What is the psychological profile of the suicidal adolescents like? |
| | | 2.3.13. What does research suggest about the relationship between antidepressant use and suicidal behavior? |
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| 3. Summarize the Interrelation of Adolescent Problems and Ways to Prevent or Intervene in Problems |
| | 3.1. Adolescents with Multiple Problems |
| | | 3.1.1. What are the four problems that affect the most adolescents? |
| | | 3.1.2. How are adolescent problem behaviors interrelated? |
| | 3.2. Prevention and Intervention |
| | | 3.2.1. What are the common components of successful prevention/intervention programs for adolescent problem behaviors? |
| | | 3.2.2. What are some examples of intervention programs, and are they effective? |
