| 1. Describe the Major Theories of Development |
| | | 1.1.1. What are the steps of the scientific method? |
| | | 1.1.2. What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis? |
| | | 1.1.3. Identify four major theoretical perspectives on human development |
| | 1.2. Psychoanalytic Theories |
| | | 1.2.1. What are the defining views of psychoanalytic theory? |
| | | 1.2.2. How did Sigmund Freud develop his ideas about psychoanalytic theory? |
| | | 1.2.3. What are the id, ego, and superego? |
| | | 1.2.4. What did Sigmund Freud mean by his iceberg analogy? |
| | | 1.2.5. What are defense mechanisms? |
| | | 1.2.6. What is repression? |
| | | 1.2.7. How did Peter Blos and Anna Freud help to shape the psychoanalytic understanding of adolescence? |
| | | 1.2.8. What are the characteristics of Freud's oral, anal, phallic, genital, and latency stages of psychosexual development? |
| | | 1.2.9. What did Freud mean by the Oedipus complex? |
| | | 1.2.10. Who developed the first feminist-based criticism of Freud's theory? |
| | | 1.2.11. How does Erik Erikson's theory differ from that of Freud? |
| | | 1.2.12. What are the characteristics of Erikson's eight life span stages—trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt, initiative versus guilt, industry versus inferiority, identity versus identity confusion, intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, and integrity versus despair? |
| | | 1.2.13. What are the primary contributions of psychoanalytic theories of adolescent development? |
| | | 1.2.14. What are the main criticisms of psychoanalytic theories? |
| | 1.3. Cognitive Theories |
| | | 1.3.1. What are the three major theories of cognitive development? |
| | | 1.3.2. According to Piaget's theory, what processes underlie individual's cognitive construction of the world? |
| | | 1.3.3. What are the characteristics of Piaget's stages of cognitive development—the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal stages? |
| | | 1.3.4. How does the sociocultural cognitive theory of Lev Vygotsky differ from that of Jean Piaget? |
| | | 1.3.5. What three claims capture the heart of Vygotsky's view? |
| | | 1.3.6. How has Vygotsky's view stimulated interest in the view that knowledge is situational and collaborative? |
| | | 1.3.7. What is the main emphasis of the information processing theory? |
| | | 1.3.8. What factors stimulated the growth of information processing theory? |
| | | 1.3.9. What are the primary contributions of the cognitive theories of adolescent development? |
| | | 1.3.10. What are the main criticisms of the cognitive theories? |
| | 1.4. Behavioral and Social Cognitive Theories |
| | | 1.4.1. What do behavioral and social cognitive theories emphasize? |
| | | 1.4.2. What is the main emphasis of behaviorism? |
| | | 1.4.3. What role does the mind play in development according to B. F. Skinner? |
| | | 1.4.4. Who are the architects of the contemporary version of social cognitive theory? |
| | | 1.4.5. What is the essence of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory? |
| | | 1.4.6. Compare and contrast Skinner's behavioral theory and Bandura's social cognitive theory. |
| | | 1.4.7. What are the primary contributions of the behavioral and social cognitive theories of adolescent development? |
| | | 1.4.8. What are the main criticisms of the behavioral and social cognitive theories? |
| | 1.5. Ecological, Contextual Theory |
| | | 1.5.1. How does Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological, contextual theory explain adolescent development? |
| | | 1.5.2. What are the characteristics of the five systems that make up Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory—the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem? |
| | | 1.5.3. What are the primary contributions of the ecological, contextual theory of adolescent development? |
| | | 1.5.4. What are the main criticisms of the ecological, contextual theory? |
| | 1.6. An Eclectic Theoretical Orientation |
| | | 1.6.1. What is meant by an eclectic theoretical orientation? |
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| 2. Explain How Research on Adolescent Development is Conducted |
| | | 2.1.1. Why do people conduct research on adolescent development? |
| | 2.2. Types of Research |
| | | 2.2.1. What are the three basic types of research? |
| | | 2.2.2. Identify six types of descriptive research. |
| | | 2.2.3. What are the differences between laboratory research and naturalistic observation? |
| | | 2.2.4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of surveys and interviews? |
| | | 2.2.5. What are the advantages and disadvantages associated with using standardized tests as a research tool? |
| | | 2.2.6. What is the experience sampling method, and why would it be used? |
| | | 2.2.7. In what kinds of research would physiological measures be appropriate? |
| | | 2.2.8. What is a case study? |
| | | 2.2.9. What is the purpose of correlational research? |
| | | 2.2.10. Why does correlation not equal causation? |
| | | 2.2.11. Explain how the strength of a relationship between two factors is measured, interpreted, and reported. |
| | | 2.2.12. Why does experimental research allow one to determine causes of behavior? |
| | | 2.2.13. What are the differences between an independent variable and a dependent variable? |
| | | 2.2.14. How are research participants assigned to experimental and control groups alike and different in the way they are treated? |
| | | 2.2.15. What is the value of random assignment? |
| | 2.3. Time Span of Research |
| | | 2.3.1. What is the difference between cross-sectional research and longitudinal research? |
| | | 2.3.2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional research? |
| | | 2.3.3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of longitudinal research? |
| | 2.4. The Field of Adolescent Development Research |
| | | 2.4.1. Why were researchers so neglectful of adolescence until recently? |
| | | 2.4.2. When did researchers begin to seriously challenge the early-experience doctrine? |
| | | 2.4.3. What are the main outlets for the vast amounts of research being done on adolescence? |
| | | 2.4.4. Where do you find professional journals? |
| | | 2.4.5. What format do articles in professional journals usually follow? |
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| 3. Discuss Two Research Challenges in Adolescent Development |
| | | 3.1.1. What are the three main challenges faced by researchers in adolescent development? |
| | 3.2. Conducting Ethical Research |
| | | 3.2.1. Why are ethical considerations important for researchers? |
| | | 3.2.2. Identify four important research ethics topics identified by the APA code of ethics. |
| | 3.3. Minimizing Bias |
| | | 3.3.1. What gender considerations do researchers need to take into account? |
| | | 3.3.2. How do ethnicity and culture affect research into adolescent development? |
| | | 3.3.3. What is ethnic gloss? |
| | | 3.3.4. What research error can ethnic gloss result in? |
