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| 1 | |
A researcher thinks that 14 year-old boys who play violent video games are more likely to use fighting to resolve interpersonal conflicts than 14 year-old boys who do not play violent video games. In research this is called a(n) |
| | A) | theory. |
| | B) | hypothesis. |
| | C) | stereotype. |
| | D) | independent variable. |
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| 2 | |
_____________ is NOT a component in the scientific method? |
| | A) | Conceptualizing the problem |
| | B) | Drawing conclusions |
| | C) | Collecting information |
| | D) | Publishing results in a journal |
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| 3 | |
Sigmund Freud developed his ideas about psychoanalytic theory |
| | A) | while being held in a Nazi detention camp. |
| | B) | while reviewing the published theories of Erik Erikson. |
| | C) | from work he did with mental patients. |
| | D) | while studying to become a medical doctor. |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of Freud's three structures of the personality? |
| | A) | ego |
| | B) | repression |
| | C) | superego |
| | D) | id |
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| 5 | |
Developing a study schedule is a function of the |
| | A) | id. |
| | B) | ego. |
| | C) | superego. The superego makes of feel like a "bad' person for not studying. |
| | D) | ego-ideal. |
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| 6 | |
Feeling guilty over adolescent sexual exploration is a result of the |
| | A) | ego. |
| | B) | libido. |
| | C) | superego. |
| | D) | id. |
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| 7 | |
__________ is an example of an ego defense mechanism? |
| | A) | Autonomy |
| | B) | Latency |
| | C) | Oedipus complex |
| | D) | Repression |
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| 8 | |
Unconsciously hating your younger brother might be an example of |
| | A) | repression. |
| | B) | egocentrism. |
| | C) | the Oedipus complex. |
| | D) | id-ideals. |
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| 9 | |
According to Peter Blos and Anna Freud: |
| | A) | it is permissible to make generalizations about the role of defense mechanisms in adolescent development based on small or clinical samples of adults. |
| | B) | research on adolescent defense mechanisms should be nonsexist. |
| | C) | defense mechanisms are a normal aspect of adolescent development. |
| | D) | Sigmund Freud's original analysis of the role of defense mechanisms in adolescent development has been confirmed many times. |
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| 10 | |
Louella believes all boys have "cooties." She devotes herself to athletics and caring for various pets. A psychoanalyst would say Louella is |
| | A) | behaving normally for someone in the latency stage. |
| | B) | being overly controlled by her superego. |
| | C) | experiencing unconscious conflicts between her ego and id. |
| | D) | fixated at the phallic stage of development. |
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| 11 | |
Goe tells his mom, "When I grow up I'm going to marry you." Freud might consider this an example of |
| | A) | repression. |
| | B) | the Oedipus complex. |
| | C) | latency. |
| | D) | the id. |
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| 12 | |
The decision to get married might indicate that Johnny is in which of Freud's psychosexual stages? |
| | A) | Latency |
| | B) | Oral |
| | C) | Genital |
| | D) | Phallic |
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| 13 | |
An infant left to cry in her crib for long periods might, according to Erikson, develop |
| | A) | autonomy. |
| | B) | guilt. |
| | C) | initiative. |
| | D) | mistrust. |
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| 14 | |
Susan changed her major three times in college, and now that she has graduated, she still cannot decide what type of job she wants. Erik Erickson would describe Susan as going through a period of |
| | A) | identity confusion. |
| | B) | shame and doubt. |
| | C) | despair. |
| | D) | generativity and stagnation. |
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| 15 | |
Dotty often finds herself daydreaming about boys and wondering what her life will be like when she gets married. According to Piaget, Dotty is likely in |
| | A) | sensorimotor stage |
| | B) | preoperational stage |
| | C) | concrete operational stage |
| | D) | formal operational stage |
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| 16 | |
Information processing theory emphasizes |
| | A) | the quality of thinking among adolescent of different ages. |
| | B) | overcoming age related problems or "crises." |
| | C) | age appropriate expressions of sexual energy. |
| | D) | perception, memory, reasoning ability, and problem solving. |
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| 17 | |
Because of the need to translate their writings, the important works of these two scholars remained unknown to American scholars until the 1960's. |
| | A) | Piaget and Vygotsky |
| | B) | Sigmund and Anna Freud |
| | C) | Bandura and Skinner |
| | D) | Horney and Chodorow |
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| 18 | |
Jamal is shy when around his friends, teachers, and family. Skinner would suggest that this behavior is: |
| | A) | modeled after his father's behavior. |
| | B) | learned. |
| | C) | repressed. |
| | D) | ecological. |
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| 19 | |
One of the strong points of behavior theory is its |
| | A) | emphasis on unconscious thought processes. |
| | B) | emphasis on the relationship between environmental stimuli and adolescent behavior. |
| | C) | emphasis on the interaction of systems and their influence adolescent behavior. |
| | D) | emphasis on the role of information processing as a mediator between behavior and environment. |
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| 20 | |
Jasmine receives a job promotion that requires her to travel often. Because of this, she has less time to spend with her adolescent son and it influences their relationship. According to Bronfenbrenner, this is an example of a(n) |
| | A) | microsystem. |
| | B) | mesosystem. |
| | C) | chronosystem. |
| | D) | exosystem. |
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| 21 | |
Lev Vygotsky's view holds that |
| | A) | cognitive development is directly related to positive reinforcement. |
| | B) | the major components of personality are formed by the age of five years. |
| | C) | knowledge is collaborative and can best be advanced through interaction with others in cooperative activities. |
| | D) | the computer is the most appropriate model for studying cognitive development. |
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| 22 | |
From B. F. Skinner's point of view, the best way to explain adolescent behavior is to |
| | A) | pay attention to the external consequences of that behavior. |
| | B) | pay attention to the self-produced consequences of that behavior. |
| | C) | focus on adolescent cognitive interpretation of her environmental experiences. |
| | D) | identify the biological processes that determine adolescent maturation. |
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| 23 | |
The frequent finding that adults who abuse their children and adolescents typically come from families in which they themselves were abused most directly supports _______ of development? |
| | A) | Freudian psychoanalytic theory |
| | B) | information processing theory |
| | C) | ecological, contextual theory |
| | D) | social cognitive theory |
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| 24 | |
A researcher who takes the best aspect from many theories in constructing a research model could be said to be applying |
| | A) | ecological theory. |
| | B) | information-processing theory. |
| | C) | eclectic theory. |
| | D) | social cognitive theory. |
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| 25 | |
A major strength of ecological theory is its framework for explaining |
| | A) | environmental influences on development. |
| | B) | biological influences on development. |
| | C) | cognitive development. |
| | D) | affective processes in development. |
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| 26 | |
Many developmentalists have chosen to subscribe to an eclectic viewpoint because |
| | A) | they cannot afford to subscribe to all the other viewpoints; the annual dues are too high. |
| | B) | none of the current theories is correct. |
| | C) | they believe that not enough data have been collected so far to even begin proposing a definitive theory. |
| | D) | each of the major theories has both valid points and flaws. |
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| 27 | |
Which of the following is true about theories that endeavor to explain adolescent development? |
| | A) | There already is one theory that explains all aspects of development. |
| | B) | Cognitive, psychoanalytic, and humanistic theories have nothing in common and can never be reconciled. |
| | C) | The theories proposed should be thought of as complementary rather than competitive. |
| | D) | One theory from biology, one theory from cognitive psychology, and one theory from social psychology are all that one needs to explain development. |
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| 28 | |
One difficulty of doing research on adolescents in a laboratory setting is that |
| | A) | an unnatural behavior may occur. |
| | B) | random assignment is impossible. |
| | C) | extraneous factors are difficult to control. |
| | D) | it is hard to measure variables in a laboratory. |
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| 29 | |
An investigator interested in gender differences in helping behavior spends three hours a day in the mall watching who opens doors for shoppers burdened with packages. Which of the following methods of data collection is being used? |
| | A) | naturalistic observation |
| | B) | experimental |
| | C) | longitudinal design. |
| | D) | case studies |
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| 30 | |
A problem with surveys is that |
| | A) | the researcher collects data from many participants. |
| | B) | the tendency for respondents to give socially acceptable or desirable answers rather than truthful answers. |
| | C) | it is impossible to obtain a representative sample. |
| | D) | a researcher can't use statistical tests to analyze your findings. |
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| 31 | |
Which of the following is NOT a section typically found in a research article published in a journal? |
| | A) | discussion |
| | B) | reaction of editor |
| | C) | results |
| | D) | method |
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| 32 | |
A psychologist treats Ramón's irrational fear of balloons. The assessment of Ramón's problem and his treatment is an example of |
| | A) | a hypothesis. |
| | B) | correlational research. |
| | C) | a case study. |
| | D) | context. |
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| 33 | |
The experimental factor that is manipulated in an experiment is referred to as a(n) |
| | A) | independent variable. |
| | B) | dependent variable. |
| | C) | control group. |
| | D) | method. |
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| 34 | |
The assignment of participants to experimental and control groups by chance is called |
| | A) | naturalistic observation. |
| | B) | longitudinal research. |
| | C) | random assignment. |
| | D) | experimental research. |
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| 35 | |
When Latifah was in pre-school, she was part of a large study on temperament. The same researchers would again observe Latifah behavior in the fifth grade, the tenth grade, and when she turned 30 years old. Latifah was likely a subject in which type of study? |
| | A) | case study research |
| | B) | longitudinal research |
| | C) | cross-sectional research |
| | D) | unethical research |
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| 36 | |
Which of the following is NOT an important topic in research ethics? |
| | A) | informed consent |
| | B) | naturalistic observation |
| | C) | confidentiality |
| | D) | debriefing |
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| 37 | |
Stating that your research study contained ten "Latino" participants, is an example of |
| | A) | informed consent. |
| | B) | random assignment. |
| | C) | debriefing. |
| | D) | ethnic gloss. |
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