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| 1 | |
The period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that takes place primarily in early adolescence is called |
| | A) | menarche. |
| | B) | heredity. |
| | C) | adolescence. |
| | D) | puberty. |
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| 2 | |
The main class of male sex hormones is |
| | A) | estrogens. |
| | B) | androgens. |
| | C) | menarches. |
| | D) | spermarches. |
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| 3 | |
__________ are the main class of female sex hormones. |
| | A) | Estrogens |
| | B) | Androgens |
| | C) | Menarche |
| | D) | Spermarche |
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| 4 | |
The powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream are called |
| | A) | neurons. |
| | B) | hormones. |
| | C) | genotypes. |
| | D) | phenotypes. |
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| 5 | |
__________ is NOT monitored by the hypothalamus? |
| | A) | Sex |
| | B) | Eating |
| | C) | Hearing |
| | D) | Drinking |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following is most similar in function to how the negative feedback system works? |
| | A) | A computer |
| | B) | A television set |
| | C) | A thermostat-furnace system |
| | D) | A washing machine and dryer unit |
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| 7 | |
Sandra Scarr proposed all the following heredity-environment interactions EXCEPT |
| | A) | passive genotype-environmental interactions. |
| | B) | heritable genotype-environmental interactions. |
| | C) | evocative genotype-environmental interactions. |
| | D) | active genotype-environmental interactions. |
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| 8 | |
The only time during development in which growth is faster than during puberty is |
| | A) | toddlerhood. |
| | B) | middle childhood. |
| | C) | infancy. |
| | D) | young adulthood. |
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| 9 | |
On average, females enter puberty at an earlier age than males, and that's why |
| | A) | women are typically shorter than men. |
| | B) | fifth- and sixth-grade girls are usually taller than boys. |
| | C) | girls and boys do not get along well during puberty. |
| | D) | boys are more muscular, and girls have more fat. |
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| 10 | |
Gwen started her menstrual period about two years earlier than Magda, even though both girls are very healthy. A likely explanation for this event is that |
| | A) | Gwen has greater body mass than Magda. |
| | B) | Gwen is an athlete. |
| | C) | Magda has greater body mass than Gwen. |
| | D) | Gwen has better genes than Magda. |
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| 11 | |
Which hormone is related to the amount of fat in girls and may signal the beginning and progression of puberty? |
| | A) | Thyroxin |
| | B) | Estradiol |
| | C) | Leptin |
| | D) | Cortisol |
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| 12 | |
Your son and daughter are fraternal twins, both in the sixth grade. Your son gets angry because people tease him about his sister being taller than he. You can tell your son that |
| | A) | although his sister is taller, his sexual maturation is more advanced. |
| | B) | his sister is probably taller because she doesn't eat as much junk food. |
| | C) | since his sister was taller than he during childhood, she'll be taller than he during adolescence. |
| | D) | he needn't worry, because he'll probably catch up with or surpass his sister's height by the end of the eighth grade. |
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| 13 | |
In the Berkeley Longitudinal Study, males who matured early |
| | A) | perceived themselves as more successful in peer relations. |
| | B) | perceived themselves more negatively because of additional parental pressure. |
| | C) | were perceived by peers as unattractive due to the accompanying occurrence of acne. |
| | D) | perceived themselves more negatively because they were "ahead of the others." |
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| 14 | |
In a college course in human sexuality, Jill was asked to describe her initial reactions to menarche. She described the experience very negatively, emphasizing the discomfort and messiness. Jill probably was |
| | A) | well-prepared for the event. |
| | B) | unlikely to tell her mother about the event. |
| | C) | on time in her pubertal development. |
| | D) | an early maturer. |
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| 15 | |
Johnny is just entering puberty. The first of many changes that he is likely to notice is |
| | A) | minor voice change. |
| | B) | growth of hair in the armpits. |
| | C) | appearance of straight pubic hair. |
| | D) | increase in penis and testicle size. |
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| 16 | |
Jenny is just entering puberty. The first of many changes that she is likely to notice is |
| | A) | growth of hair in the armpits. |
| | B) | increase in hip width. |
| | C) | increase in breast size. |
| | D) | significant increase in height. |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following has NOT been mentioned as a possible reason for the earlier onset of puberty in the twentieth century? |
| | A) | girlhood obesity |
| | B) | the deterioration of the ozone |
| | C) | improvements in health |
| | D) | improvements in nutrition |
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| 18 | |
Immediately following the onset of menarche, girls are most likely to discuss the matter with |
| | A) | a best friend. |
| | B) | a trusted teacher. |
| | C) | a sibling. |
| | D) | their mother. |
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| 19 | |
Anitra is a late-maturing female. She has an increased probability of |
| | A) | being tall and thin. |
| | B) | being shorter and stockier. |
| | C) | having no skin problems. |
| | D) | having to visit the dermatologist. |
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| 20 | |
__________ is NOT one of the three basic parts of a neuron? |
| | A) | Cell body |
| | B) | Axon |
| | C) | Occipital lobe |
| | D) | Dendrites |
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| 21 | |
What role does the myelin sheath play in the functioning of a neuron? |
| | A) | It carries information away from the cell body to other cells. |
| | B) | It receives information from other cells. |
| | C) | It helps to insulate the axon and speeds transmission. |
| | D) | It provides the neuron with nutrition. |
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| 22 | |
Which role does the axon play in the functioning of a neuron? |
| | A) | It carries information away from the cell body to other cells. |
| | B) | It receives information from other cells. |
| | C) | It carries messages across the synaptic cleft. |
| | D) | It provides the neuron with nutrition. |
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| 23 | |
The chemicals that carry information across the synaptic gap between one neuron and another are called |
| | A) | neurotransmitters. |
| | B) | genomes. |
| | C) | gonadatropins. |
| | D) | phenotypes. |
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| 24 | |
Which of the following lobes of the brain is involved in hearing? |
| | A) | frontal |
| | B) | temporal |
| | C) | parietal |
| | D) | occipital |
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| 25 | |
Which of the following best summarizes current evidence about generation of brain cells? |
| | A) | New brain cells can only be generated in the early childhood years. |
| | B) | Brain plasticity in adolescence is about the same as it was at 3 years of age. |
| | C) | New brain cells can be generated throughout one's life. |
| | D) | There is a larger increase in the development of new brain cells during late adolescence than any other period. |
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| 26 | |
Higher levels of androgens in boys is NOT associated with |
| | A) | violence. |
| | B) | acting-out problems. |
| | C) | an increase in sexual desire and activity. |
| | D) | a decrease in verbal ability. |
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| 27 | |
The _______ structure of the brain is most involved in emotion. |
| | A) | temporal lobe |
| | B) | frontal lobe |
| | C) | amygdala |
| | D) | occipital lobe |
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| 28 | |
According to Laurence Steinberg, the reason that adolescents have difficulty controlling their behavior is |
| | A) | the id portion of the brain is overdeveloped and the superego portion of the brain is underdeveloped. |
| | B) | increasing levels of androgens and estrogens render adolescents incapable of controlling their actions. |
| | C) | adolescents' neurons do not yet have myelin sheaths, so they transmit signals too slowly to control their behavior. |
| | D) | changes in the limbic system lead adolescents to seek novelty and pleasure but the prefrontal cortex has not developed enough to help adolescents control their pleasure seeking. |
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| 29 | |
According to the Human Genome Project, humans have approximately ___________ genes. |
| | A) | 3,000 |
| | B) | 30,000 |
| | C) | 10,000 |
| | D) | over 1 million |
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| 30 | |
Which of the following is true about how genes give humans their characteristics? |
| | A) | Each gene determines one characteristic. |
| | B) | DNA collaborates with other sources of information to specify characteristics. |
| | C) | Each gene automatically produces one protein. |
| | D) | Genes alone determine every characteristic humans have. |
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| 31 | |
What determines the age at which puberty occurs? |
| | A) | Hormones |
| | B) | Weight |
| | C) | Heredity |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 32 | |
What is the correct order of changes in puberty for girls? |
| | A) | estrogen production increases; growth spurt; menarche; ovulation becomes regular. |
| | B) | growth spurt; estrogen production increases; ovulation becomes regular; menarche. |
| | C) | estrogen production increases; menarche; growth spurt; ovulation becomes regular. |
| | D) | growth spurt; menarche; estrogen production increases; ovulation becomes regular. |
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| 33 | |
What is the correct order of changes in puberty for boys? |
| | A) | androgen production increases; voice changes; spermarche; full facial hair growth. |
| | B) | androgen production increases; voice changes; full facial hair growth; spermarche. |
| | C) | spermarche; androgen production increases; voice changes; full facial hair growth. |
| | D) | voice changes; androgen production increases; full facial hair growth; spermarche. |
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| 34 | |
Which of the following changes does NOT occur in the human brain during adolescence? |
| | A) | changes in the temporal lobe increase language abilities. |
| | B) | pruning in the corpus callosum results in a decreased need for sleep |
| | C) | move from processing in the amygdala to the frontal lobe increase logical thinking. |
| | D) | myelination results in faster processing. |
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| 35 | |
How do genes determine behavior? |
| | A) | Our biological parents pick our environment. |
| | B) | Genetically shaped characteristics elicit responses from our environment. |
| | C) | Genes make us seek out environments that are compatible with our genetically determined characteristics. |
| | D) | All the above are correct. |
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