 |
| 1 | |
A set of expectations about sex-appropriate behavior is called |
| | A) | stereotype. |
| | B) | gender role. |
| | C) | gender intensification. |
| | D) | sexism. |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
According to Udry, ________ has the greatest impact on sexual activity for adolescent girls? |
| | A) | levels of the hormone, estrogen, |
| | B) | levels of the hormone, androgen, |
| | C) | the type of friends they affiliate with |
| | D) | the SES of their family |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
Erik Erikson and Sigmund Freud believed that the differences between males and females |
| | A) | was the result of females' ability and males' inability to articulate their feelings. |
| | B) | resulted from prenatal hormonal influences. |
| | C) | resulted from anatomical differences. |
| | D) | were gender stereotypes rather than gender differences. |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
According to the evolutionary psychology view, gender differences have evolved primarily because of |
| | A) | social hierarchy. |
| | B) | division of labor. |
| | C) | differing reproductive roles. |
| | D) | population imbalance in male to female ratio. |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
Adolescents with working mothers |
| | A) | have less stereotyped concepts of female roles. |
| | B) | have less positive attitudes about nontraditional roles for women. |
| | C) | have the same educational and occupational aspirations as daughters of mothers who are full-time homemakers. |
| | D) | are still a slight numerical minority. |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
According to contemporary views of evolutionary psychology, ________ is NOT an evolved disposition of men? |
| | A) | violence |
| | B) | competition |
| | C) | risk taking |
| | D) | compassion |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
On the playground, girls teach girls and boys teach boys about their gender behaviors. This is known as |
| | A) | sexual socialization. |
| | B) | gender intensification. |
| | C) | peer socialization. |
| | D) | peer generalization. |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
It has been noted that in some ways both boys and girls experience gender bias in schools. Which of the following is NOT a recent research finding? |
| | A) | Teachers are more likely to criticize boys than girls. |
| | B) | In many classrooms, teachers spend more time watching and interacting with boys. |
| | C) | Teachers often give boys more time to answer a question and more hints at the correct answer. |
| | D) | Girls and boys are equally likely to be grade repeaters. |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
Concerning the portrayal of women on television, which of the following is the most accurate? |
| | A) | Female roles outside the home are almost as likely to be nontraditional as traditional. |
| | B) | Male and female characters are equally likely to appear in contexts of work, cars, and sports. |
| | C) | Adolescent girls are portrayed as being almost equally concerned with dating, shopping, and their appearance as school or career plans. |
| | D) | Males are equally likely to be nontraditional as traditional. |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
Williams and others (1985) reported that women were shown as sexual objects in ______ percent of commercial television. |
| | A) | 10 |
| | B) | 35 |
| | C) | 50 |
| | D) | 65 |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
A boy recognizes that he is a male and then starts doing "male" things. This description is consistent with the ______ theory of gender? |
| | A) | cognitive-developmental |
| | B) | socialization |
| | C) | genderization |
| | D) | intensification |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
According to Kohlberg, the main changes in gender development occur |
| | A) | in infancy. |
| | B) | in childhood. |
| | C) | in adolescence. |
| | D) | as young adults. |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
Gender schema theory predicts that adolescents are drawn to sources of information that enable them to |
| | A) | conform to stereotypes. |
| | B) | learn about sexuality. |
| | C) | learn about relationships. |
| | D) | think idealistically. |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
______ theory is most based on children achieving gender constancy? |
| | A) | Gender schema |
| | B) | Cognitive-developmental |
| | C) | Social cognitive |
| | D) | Gender intensification |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
Tom must choose between a modern dance class and swimming to satisfy a physical education requirement for graduation. He chooses swimming because dance is "too feminine." This is an example of |
| | A) | gender inequity. |
| | B) | androgeny. |
| | C) | psychosexual conflict. |
| | D) | gender schema. |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
On which of the following tasks is an adolescent girl likely to outperform an adolescent boy? |
| | A) | writing a book report |
| | B) | calculating the area of a triangle |
| | C) | completing a maze |
| | D) | finding a hidden object in a picture |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
Which of the following is NOT true? |
| | A) | One of the most consistent gender differences is that boys are more physically aggressive than girls. |
| | B) | Girls are more likely than boys to engage in relational aggression. |
| | C) | Researchers report as much or even more verbal aggression in females as in males. |
| | D) | Gender differences in aggression have not been found in other cultures. |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
According to Tannen, ________ is NOT an example of 'report talk'? |
| | A) | joking |
| | B) | storytelling |
| | C) | lecturing |
| | D) | relationship oriented conversation |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
According to the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, an adolescent is androgynous if she scores |
| | A) | high on masculinity and high on femininity. |
| | B) | high on masculinity and low on femininity. |
| | C) | low on femininity and low on masculinity. |
| | D) | half-way between masculinity and femininity. |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
In a 2002 study of college students, _____ percent of males agreed with the statement, "The activities of married women are best confined to home and family." |
| | A) | 8 |
| | B) | 28 |
| | C) | 48 |
| | D) | 68 |
|
|
|
| 21 | |
What concept involves the notion that an individual's competence should not be conceptualized along the lines of gender orientation, but rather, the emphasis should be on the individual? |
| | A) | gender-neutrality |
| | B) | humanism |
| | C) | gender-role transcendence |
| | D) | critical feminism |
|
|
|
| 22 | |
The gender intensification hypothesis indicates that behavioral differences between males and females become greater during adolescence as a result of |
| | A) | hormones. |
| | B) | pressures to conform to stereotypes. |
| | C) | television commercials. |
| | D) | the development of a new schema. |
|
|
|
| 23 | |
Which of the following has NOT been raised by critics of Carol Gilligan's work? |
| | A) | Gilligan's work provides a way to liberate females and transform a sexist society. |
| | B) | Gilligan overemphasizes differences in gender. |
| | C) | Gilligan's view reinforces stereotypes. |
| | D) | Gilligan's research methods rarely include comparison groups. |
|
|
|
| 24 | |
Carol Gilligan has suggested that girls |
| | A) | are better than boys. |
| | B) | are equal to boys. |
| | C) | are different than boys. |
| | D) | None of the above is correct. |
|
|
|
| 25 | |
According to many studies, adolescent girls are likely to suffer from declines in |
| | A) | intelligence. |
| | B) | self-esteem. |
| | C) | verbal fluency. |
| | D) | social skills. |
|
|
|
| 26 | |
Women in TV commercials |
| | A) | outnumber men 2 to 1. |
| | B) | are usually portrayed in gender atypical roles such as physicians and mechanics. |
| | C) | are portrayed as dominant more often than men are. |
| | D) | are underrepresented as main characters except for ads for health and beauty products. |
|
|
|
| 27 | |
A recent criticism of Tannen's ideas about gender difference in communication is |
| | A) | that men actually use more rapport talk than women do. |
| | B) | that gender differences in communication strategies have gradually increased over time. |
| | C) | that the way men and women talk about relationship problems is more similar than different. |
| | D) | that the way women talk about emotions is much better than the way men talk about emotions. |
|
|
|
| 28 | |
Which gender engages in more prosocial behavior? |
| | A) | boys |
| | B) | girls |
| | C) | They are equal. |
| | D) | There is no way to measure this. |
|
|
|
| 29 | |
Which of the following is true of individuals who endorse modern sexist beliefs? |
| | A) | They are all men. |
| | B) | They are uneducated. |
| | C) | They do not know any strong, competent women. |
| | D) | They tend not to detect the use of sexist language. |
|
|
|
| 30 | |
Which of the following statements is true about the socialization of Latino and Latina youth? |
| | A) | Latinas experience far greater restrictions than Latinos. |
| | B) | Latinos experience far greater restrictions than Latinas. |
| | C) | Latinos and Latinas experience very similar restrictions. |
| | D) | Latinas and Latinos experience more restrictions than youth of any other ethnic group. |
|
|
|
| 31 | |
In which of the following age groups is self-esteem the lowest amongst girls and women? |
| | A) | preschool |
| | B) | elementary school |
| | C) | high school |
| | D) | college |
|
|
|
| 32 | |
Which of the following groups has the highest expectations for their ability to control the outcomes of their academic efforts? |
| | A) | feminine and androgynous individuals |
| | B) | feminine and undifferentiated individuals |
| | C) | masculine and undifferentiated individuals |
| | D) | masculine and androgynous individuals |
|
|
.