| 1. Discuss the Nature of Family Processes in Adolescence |
| | 1.1. Reciprocal Socialization and the Family as a System |
| | | 1.1.1. What is reciprocal socialization, and how does it affect adolescent development? |
| | | 1.1.2. How is a family a social system? |
| | | 1.1.3. Give examples of direct and indirect reciprocal influences of family members and family subsystems. |
| | | 1.1.4. What are some differences between adolescents' dyadic and triadic relationships with their parents? |
| | | 1.1.5. How are marital relationships and parenting linked? |
| | 1.2. The Developmental Construction of Relationships |
| | | 1.2.1. Identify what is meant by the phrase "developmental construction of relationships" refer. |
| | | 1.2.2. What are the main variations of the developmental construction views? |
| | | 1.2.3. Describe the main features of the continuity view. |
| | | 1.2.4. Why are close relationships with parents important for adolescent's development? |
| | | 1.2.5. What is the discontinuity view? |
| | | 1.2.6. What new modes of relating are important to adolescent development? |
| | | 1.2.7. What research evidence exists in support of each view? |
| | 1.3. Maturation Sociocultural and Historical Changes |
| | | 1.3.1. What are the major changes in adolescence that influence parent-adolescent relationships? |
| | | 1.3.2. What dimensions of an adolescent's cognitive world change parent-adolescent relationships? |
| | | 1.3.3. What dimensions of the adolescent's social world contribute to parent-adolescent relationships? |
| | | 1.3.4. What parental changes contribute to parent-adolescent relationships? |
| | | 1.3.5. How does the timing of parenthood affect parent-adolescent interaction? |
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| 2. Describe Parent-Adolescent Relationships |
| | 2.1. Parents as Managers |
| | | 2.1.1. What do we mean when we say that parents should manage their adolescent's lives? |
| | | 2.1.2. What is the role of parental monitoring in adolescent development? |
| | 2.2. Parenting Styles |
| | | 2.2.1. Describe the four main parenting categories according to Baumrind. |
| | | 2.2.2. What are the common outcomes of each of the four parenting styles? |
| | | 2.2.3. Which is the most effective parenting style? |
| | | 2.2.4. How are ethnicity and social context related to outcomes of different parenting styles? |
| | | 2.2.5. Identify two factors that limit the generality of parenting style research and theory. |
| | 2.3. Gender, Parenting, and Coparenting |
| | | 2.3.1. What is the mother's role in the family? |
| | | 2.3.2. How has the mother's role changed in the last 30 years? |
| | | 2.3.3. What is the father's role in the family? |
| | | 2.3.4. How has the father's role changed in the last 30 years? |
| | | 2.3.5. How do adolescent-father interactions affect social development in adolescence? |
| | | 2.3.6. What is the organizing theme of coparenting research? |
| | | 2.3.7. What are the benefits of coparenting? |
| | 2.4. Parent-Adolescent Conflict |
| | | 2.4.1. What is the generation gap, and how much empirical support is there for its existence? |
| | | 2.4.2. What factors may be related to the increase of parent-child conflict in adolescence? |
| | | 2.4.3. What is the nature and extent of parent-adolescent conflict? |
| | | 2.4.4. At what point in adolescence does conflict peak? |
| | | 2.4.5. What is the subject of most parental-adolescent conflict? |
| | | 2.4.6. What percentage of families is parent-adolescent conflict high? |
| | | 2.4.7. What problems are associated with intense, prolonged conflict? |
| | | 2.4.8. What cross-cultural differences exist in parent-adolescent conflict? |
| | 2.5. Autonomy and Attachment |
| | | 2.5.1. How does parental control affect development of adolescent autonomy? |
| | | 2.5.2. What problems do parents have with their adolescent's achieving autonomy? |
| | | 2.5.3. What is the difference between autonomy and emotional autonomy? |
| | | 2.5.4. Are there gender or ethnic differences seen in the timing of adolescent autonomy? |
| | | 2.5.5. What is the evidence for cross-cultural differences concerning the timing of adolescent autonomy? |
| | | 2.5.6. What developmental transition signals autonomy? |
| | | 2.5.7. What are some challenges and joys of moving away from home? |
| | | 2.5.8. How do age and gender relate to dependency upon parents among college students? |
| | | 2.5.9. Why do some adolescents run away from home, and what problems might they be susceptible to as a result? |
| | | 2.5.10. What can be done to help adolescent runaways? |
| | | 2.5.11. What is the best advice to give a parent about their adolescent's need for autonomy? |
| | | 2.5.12. What is the difference between secure attachment and insecure attachment? |
| | | 2.5.13. How is secure attachment related social competence and successful adaptation to the world? |
| | | 2.5.14. What is the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI)? |
| | | 2.5.15. What is the difference between dismissing/avoidant attachment, preoccupied/ambivalent attachment, and unresolved/disorganized attachment? |
| | | 2.5.16. How do autonomy and family connectedness change with age during adolescence? |
| | | 2.5.17. Describe emerging adults' relationships with their parents. |
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| 3. Characterize Sibling Relationships in Adolescence |
| | 3.1. Sibling Roles |
| | | 3.1.1. What are the dimensions of sibling relationships? |
| | | 3.1.2. How are siblings important socializing influences? |
| | | 3.1.3. What is the effect of sibling conflict when paired with ineffective parenting? |
| | 3.2. Birth Order |
| | | 3.2.1. How does birth order affect sibling and parent relationships? |
| | | 3.2.2. Compare and contrast first-borns, later-borns, and only children. |
| | | 3.2.3. What is the most reasonable conclusion to be gained from research about the effects of birth order on adolescent behavior and achievement? |
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| 4. Describe the Changing Family in a Changing Society |
| | 4.1. Divorced Families |
| | | 4.1.1. Describe the trends in divorce rates in the U.S. and other countries in the last 40 years. |
| | | 4.1.2. How do adolescents adjust to divorce in their families? |
| | | 4.1.3. Should parents stay together for the sake of their children and adolescents? |
| | | 4.1.4. How much do post-divorce family processes affect adolescent adjustment to divorce? |
| | | 4.1.5. What factors affect the risk vulnerability in adolescents in a divorced family? |
| | | 4.1.6. What are the different benefits and risks associated with mother-custody, father-custody, and joint-custody families? |
| | | 4.1.7. What role does socioeconomic status play in the lives of adolescents in divorced families? |
| | 4.2. Stepfamilies |
| | | 4.2.1. Describe recent a current trends in the number of children and adolescents living in stepfamilies. |
| | | 4.2.2. Describe adolescents' typical relationship with custodial and step parents and how these relationship affect outcomes. |
| | | 4.2.3. What are the three common types of family structures found in stepfamilies? |
| | | 4.2.4. What are the three types of relationship patterns that typically develop in stepfamilies? |
| | | 4.2.5. How do the adjustment problems of adolescents in stepfamilies compare to adolescents in other types of families? |
| | | 4.2.6. What is boundary ambiguity? |
| | | 4.2.7. What adjustment problems are associated with adolescents who live in newly remarried families? |
| | | 4.2.8. What are some common difficulties in newly remarried families? |
| | | 4.2.9. What is the most difficult time for adolescents to experience their parents' remarriage? |
| | 4.3. Working Parents |
| | | 4.3.1. What effect do working mothers have on adolescent development? |
| | | 4.3.2. What are the special adjustment problems and outcomes of self-care adolescents? |
| | | 4.3.3. What is the effect of relocation on adolescent development? |
| | | 4.3.4. How does parental unemployment affect adolescents? |
| | 4.4. Adoption |
| | | 4.4.1. What is adoption? |
| | | 4.4.2. How common is adoption? |
| | | 4.4.3. What are some changes that have been occurring in adoption practices over the last several decades? |
| | | 4.4.4. Compare the adjustment of adopted and non-adopted adolescents. |
| | | 4.4.5. What factors are associated with different outcomes for adopted adolescents? |
| | | 4.4.6. What are some suggestions for adoptive parents? |
| | | 4.4.7. What particular issues does adolescence bring up for adopted children? |
| | 4.5. Gay and Lesbian Parents |
| | | 4.5.1. Describe current trends in the U.S. for adolescents reared by gay and lesbian parents. |
| | | 4.5.2. Summarize the research on adolescents with lesbian mothers and gay fathers. |
| | 4.6. Culture and Ethnicity |
| | | 4.6.1. What conclusions can be drawn from the research on cross-cultural comparisons involving families? |
| | | 4.6.2. In what ways do ethnic minority families differ from non-Latino Caucasian American families? |
| | | 4.6.3. In what way can family life protect ethnic minority youth from social patterns of injustice? |
| | | 4.6.4. What are the main differences between non-Latino Caucasian American families and African American and Latino families? |
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| 5. Explain What Is Needed for Improved Social Policy Involving Adolescents and Their Families |
| | | 5.1.1. What five parental behaviors lead to competent adolescent development? |
| | | 5.1.2. What are the recommendations of the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development regarding social policies for families with adolescents? |
