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| 1.
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Which best demonstrates the basic principle of cephalocaudal development? |
| | A) | An infant first produces an endogenous smile, then an exogenous smile, then a laugh. |
| | B) | An infant first raises his or her head, then sits up, then stands up. |
| | C) | An infant obtains visual skills, then olfactory skills, then auditory skills. |
| | D) | An infant coos, then babbles, then speaks single words, then uses language. |
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| 2.
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Proximodistal growth refers to growth that moves from: |
| | A) | top to bottom. |
| | B) | bottom to top. |
| | C) | outer to middle. |
| | D) | middle to outer. |
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| 3.
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Two important factors that can produce individual differences in height are: |
| | A) | ethnic origin and nutrition. |
| | B) | genetic predisposition and early behavior. |
| | C) | central nervous system functioning and reduction of fat intake. |
| | D) | standard of living and cost of living. |
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| 4.
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The average North American newborn is _____ inches long and weighs _____ pounds. |
| | A) | 20; 6 _ |
| | B) | 20; 7_ |
| | C) | 22; 7 |
| | D) | 22; 8 |
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| 5.
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Children reach nearly one-half of their adult height by age: |
| | A) | two. |
| | B) | three. |
| | C) | four. |
| | D) | five. |
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| 6.
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During the preschool years: |
| | A) | children experience a steady increase in body fat. |
| | B) | girls are slightly taller than boys. |
| | C) | girls are slightly heavier than boys. |
| | D) | the percentage of increase in children's height decreases each year. |
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| 7.
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Puberty: |
| | A) | is a marker for the beginning of adolescence. |
| | B) | is another term for adolescence. |
| | C) | has four phases that are linked with hormonal changes. |
| | D) | extends beyond the adolescence period. |
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| 8.
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The testes in males and the ovaries in females are referred to as the: |
| | A) | gonadotropins. |
| | B) | androgens. |
| | C) | gonads. |
| | D) | hormonal system. |
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| 9.
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With each passing decade, the age at which puberty arrives is: |
| | A) | increasing. |
| | B) | decreasing. |
| | C) | staying the same. |
| | D) | slowing down. |
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| 10.
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The brain structure that monitors eating, drinking, and sex is the: |
| | A) | hypothalamus. |
| | B) | pituitary gland. |
| | C) | thalamus. |
| | D) | amygdala. |
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| 11.
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Testosterone is an example of a(n): |
| | A) | estradiol. |
| | B) | cortisol. |
| | C) | leptin. |
| | D) | androgen. |
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| 12.
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The culmination of gonadarche in boys is: |
| | A) | menarche. |
| | B) | adrenarche. |
| | C) | reproduction. |
| | D) | spermarche. |
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| 13.
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Which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | Boys go through growth spurts earlier than girls. |
| | B) | Both boys and girls who are shorter than their peers before puberty will actually surpass their peers during the adolescent growth spurt. |
| | C) | Girls are just as tall as boys before puberty. |
| | D) | After puberty, girls are shorter but heavier than boys. |
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| 14.
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The last male pubertal characteristic to develop is: |
| | A) | growth of facial hair. |
| | B) | increase in penis and testicle size. |
| | C) | voice change. |
| | D) | growth of pubic hair. |
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| 15.
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Recent research has found that early-maturing girls are more likely than late-maturing girls to: |
| | A) | have younger friends. |
| | B) | avoid dating. |
| | C) | be dependent on their parents. |
| | D) | be depressed. |
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| 16.
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The Berkeley Longitudinal Study showed that, compared with late-maturing boys, early-maturing boys saw themselves: |
| | A) | less positively. |
| | B) | more positively. |
| | C) | smaller and weaker. |
| | D) | as bigger but more awkward. |
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| 17.
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Which of the following can be expected to occur in the third decade of life? |
| | A) | greater muscle tone and strength |
| | B) | peak functioning of the body's joints |
| | C) | sagging chins and protruding abdomens |
| | D) | decrease in the body's fatty tissues |
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| 18.
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The term sarcopenia refers to age-related: |
| | A) | loss of mental functioning. |
| | B) | bone loss. |
| | C) | increase in blood pressure. |
| | D) | loss of muscle mass and strength. |
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| 19.
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Considering the normal aging process, whose blood pressure would be expected to be highest? |
| | A) | a postmenopausal woman |
| | B) | a premenopausal woman |
| | C) | a man in his forties |
| | D) | a man in his sixties |
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| 20.
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The brain is divided into two halves called: |
| | A) | circuits. |
| | B) | hemispheres. |
| | C) | axons. |
| | D) | semi-structures. |
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| 21.
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The outer layer of the forebrain, which accounts for 80 percent of the brain's volume, is called the: |
| | A) | myelin sheath. |
| | B) | hypothalamus. |
| | C) | cerebral cortex. |
| | D) | hippocampus. |
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| 22.
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Which lobe of the brain plays an important role in motor control? |
| | A) | frontal |
| | B) | occipital |
| | C) | temporal |
| | D) | parietal |
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| 23.
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What part of the neuron receives information from other neurons? |
| | A) | axon |
| | B) | nucleus |
| | C) | cell body |
| | D) | dendrites |
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| 24.
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Nathan has just turned two-years-old. Developmental psychologists believe Nathan's brain is _______ of its adult weight. |
| | A) | 25 percent |
| | B) | 50 percent |
| | C) | 75 percent |
| | D) | 90 percent |
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| 25.
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Myelination: |
| | A) | for visual pathways occurs prenatally. |
| | B) | causes a decrease in brain size. |
| | C) | encases axons with a myelin sheath. |
| | D) | for auditory pathways is completed by the age of two years. |
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| 26.
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Which statement summarizes normal brain development during the seventh decade of life? |
| | A) | Both neurons and dendrites are lost, causing a deterioration in brain function. |
| | B) | A rapid increase in new neurons occurs as the brain becomes the most vital organ in old age. |
| | C) | Neurons are lost, but this is compensated by the growth of new dendrites. |
| | D) | Dendrite connections are lost, but overall function is maintained by the growth of new neurons. |
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| 27.
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In adolescence, the gap between the increase in risk-taking behavior and the delay in self-regulation is linked to the timing of development in the: |
| | A) | nervous system and visual cortex. |
| | B) | limbic system and frontal lobes. |
| | C) | temporal and parietal lobes. |
| | D) | adrenal glands and occipital lobes. |
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| 28.
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Research involving the Sisters of Notre Dame in Mankato has revealed that: |
| | A) | folic acid may protect the brain from decline. |
| | B) | the brain loses its capacity to change and grow in old age. |
| | C) | a sedentary life leads to decreased mental functioning in late adulthood. |
| | D) | individuals who spend most of their lives working in service-based tasks live longer. |
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| 29.
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Sleep researchers have found that: |
| | A) | infants and adults exhibit similar patterns of REM sleep. |
| | B) | infants engage in more REM sleep than adults. |
| | C) | adults engage in more REM sleep than infants. |
| | D) | adults enter REM sleep earlier in the sleep cycle than infants. |
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| 30.
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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is less likely when infants sleep: |
| | A) | on their backs. |
| | B) | with their mothers. |
| | C) | in soft bedding. |
| | D) | on their stomachs. |
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| 31.
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Which of the following statements is true in regards to sleep during childhood? |
| | A) | Boys spend more time sleeping than girls. |
| | B) | Nightmares usually occur just after the child goes to bed at night. |
| | C) | Children are emotionally affected by night terrors and often resist sleeping. |
| | D) | Persistent nightmares are an indication of high stress levels. |
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| 32.
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The pineal gland produces _____ in preparation for the body to sleep. |
| | A) | acetylcholine |
| | B) | cortisol |
| | C) | melatonin |
| | D) | dopamine |
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| 33.
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All of the following are recommendations to help older adults sleep better at night, except: |
| | A) | avoiding caffeine. |
| | B) | staying physically active during the day. |
| | C) | staying mentally active. |
| | D) | taking short naps during the day. |
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| 34.
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The average life expectancy of individuals born today in the United States is _____ years for women and _____ for men. |
| | A) | 85; 82 |
| | B) | 77; 75 |
| | C) | 80; 74 |
| | D) | 78; 80 |
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| 35.
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Researchers in the New England Centenarian study have found that the survival of centenarians is due to: |
| | A) | a low-fat diet. |
| | B) | good genes. |
| | C) | their ability to cope successfully with stress. |
| | D) | a healthy relationship with their spouses. |
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| 36.
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According to Hayflick's cellular clock theory, cells can divide: |
| | A) | an infinite number of times. |
| | B) | a maximum of 45 to 50 times. |
| | C) | a maximum of 75 to 80 times. |
| | D) | over 100 times . |
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| 37.
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Telemeres: |
| | A) | become longer when a cell divides. |
| | B) | are located at the bottom of chromosomes. |
| | C) | are free radicals. |
| | D) | are DNA sequences. |
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| 38.
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Which of the following biological theories of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules? |
| | A) | cellular clock theory |
| | B) | free-radical theory |
| | C) | telomerase-injection theory |
| | D) | hormonal stress theory |
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| 39.
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Tiny cellular bodies that supply energy for function, growth, and repair are called: |
| | A) | free radicals. |
| | B) | proteins. |
| | C) | mitochondria. |
| | D) | micronutrients. |
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| 40.
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One of the body's main systems for responding to external stress and maintaining the body's internal equilibrium is the _____ axis. |
| | A) | HPA |
| | B) | GABA |
| | C) | EEG |
| | D) | NBA |
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