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| 1.
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According to the dynamic systems theory proposed by Esther Thelen: |
| | A) | mastering a motor skill requires the use of the nervous system, motivational factors, and environmental opportunities. |
| | B) | the development of motor skills is primarily biologically driven. |
| | C) | the development of motor skills is primarily dependent on environmental factors. |
| | D) | motor skills are initially driven by biological forces but become increasingly dependent on environmental influences. |
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| 2.
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The dynamic systems theory of motor development emphasizes: |
| | A) | a genetic blueprint. |
| | B) | environmental stimuli. |
| | C) | unconscious motivations. |
| | D) | exploration and selection. |
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| 3.
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Which of the following statements is true in regards to newborns? |
| | A) | Newborns are completely helpless organisms. |
| | B) | Newborns have some built-in reactions to stimuli. |
| | C) | Newborns do not respond to their environment. |
| | D) | Newborns' reflexes persist throughout their life. |
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| 4.
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Which of the following reflexes occurs when something touches an infant's palm? |
| | A) | supporting |
| | B) | parachute |
| | C) | startle |
| | D) | grasping |
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| 5.
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Diane notices that sudden stimulation causes her two-month-old to arch his back, throw his head back, fling out his arms and legs, and then rapidly close them to the center of his body. Diane's baby is exhibiting the _____ reflex. |
| | A) | rooting |
| | B) | Babinski |
| | C) | tonic |
| | D) | Moro |
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| 6.
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Which of the following is an example of a gross motor skill? |
| | A) | buttoning a shirt |
| | B) | playing golf |
| | C) | writing your name |
| | D) | using scissors to cut a piece of paper |
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| 7.
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Which infant motor event typically occurs first? |
| | A) | stands with support |
| | B) | rolls over |
| | C) | holds the head erect |
| | D) | crawls |
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| 8.
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At what age can a baby usually sit without support? |
| | A) | 3 months |
| | B) | 6 months |
| | C) | 9 months |
| | D) | 12 months |
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| 9.
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Child development experts believe that motor activity during a child's second year: |
| | A) | is vital to the child's competent development. |
| | B) | is just practice of what was learned in the first year of life. |
| | C) | should be restricted by using devices such as playpens. |
| | D) | becomes automatic and easy to carry out. |
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| 10.
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Pediatricians recommend that parents: |
| | A) | slowly ease their babies into structured exercise regimes. |
| | B) | enroll their babies in exercise classes. |
| | C) | use exercise sessions as a way to bond with their babies. |
| | D) | avoid structured exercise classes for their babies. |
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| 11.
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Algonquin infants who spend much of their first year strapped to a cradle board: |
| | A) | begin walking later than more active infants. |
| | B) | remain delayed in their motor development until age four. |
| | C) | begin walking at the same age as more active infants. |
| | D) | begin crawling at the end of their first year of life. |
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| 12.
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Romero is a normal three-year-old. We would expect that he would be able to: |
| | A) | scramble over a jungle gym. |
| | B) | run across a room. |
| | C) | climb on the kitchen counter. |
| | D) | skip rope. |
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| 13.
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Hallie is active. She loves to tumble and show off. She is not afraid of doing what her parents consider to be hair-raising stunts. She also loves to run and believes she is faster than her parents. This type of activity level and confidence is most characteristic of the: |
| | A) | 2-year-old. |
| | B) | 3-year-old. |
| | C) | 4-year-old. |
| | D) | 5-year-old. |
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| 14.
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Most of us reach our peak physical performance before the age of: |
| | A) | 20. |
| | B) | 25. |
| | C) | 30. |
| | D) | 35. |
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| 15.
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Which of the following is an example of a fine motor skill? |
| | A) | crawling |
| | B) | raising a hand |
| | C) | playing the piano |
| | D) | kicking a ball |
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| 16.
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According to the textbook, left-handers are more likely to have: |
| | A) | reading problems. |
| | B) | poor visual spatial skills. |
| | C) | difficulties with mathematics. |
| | D) | lower Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores. |
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| 17.
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Which of the following is not a sensory receptor? |
| | A) | eyes |
| | B) | tongue |
| | C) | voice |
| | D) | skin |
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| 18.
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Opportunities for interactions offered by objects that are necessary to perform functional activities are called: |
| | A) | perceptual processes. |
| | B) | ecological functions. |
| | C) | affordances. |
| | D) | sensory functions. |
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| 19.
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Robert Fantz (1963) found that infants as young as two-days-old showed a preference for _____ stimuli. |
| | A) | colored |
| | B) | bright |
| | C) | patterned |
| | D) | plain |
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| 20.
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Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus is referred to as: |
| | A) | dishabituation. |
| | B) | tracking. |
| | C) | visual preference. |
| | D) | habituation. |
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| 21.
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The newborn's vision is estimated to be: |
| | A) | 20/20. |
| | B) | 20/100. |
| | C) | 20/400. |
| | D) | 20/600. |
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| 22.
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In Gibson and Walk's (1960) experiment, infants placed on one side of a visual cliff refused to go to their mothers who coaxed them from the other side, thus demonstrating: |
| | A) | depth perception. |
| | B) | lack of visual acuity. |
| | C) | shape constancy. |
| | D) | size constancy. |
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| 23.
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The location where the retina does not register any light is called the: |
| | A) | iris. |
| | B) | blind spot. |
| | C) | pupil. |
| | D) | cornea. |
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| 24.
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Glaucoma occurs when pressure in the eye damages the: |
| | A) | retina. |
| | B) | cornea. |
| | C) | optic nerve. |
| | D) | lens. |
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| 25.
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Rozee's eyes have cloudy, opaque areas in the lens that prevent light from passing through, causing her to have blurred vision. The visual problem she has is: |
| | A) | macular degeneration. |
| | B) | cataracts. |
| | C) | farsightedness. |
| | D) | presbyopia. |
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| 26.
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How does an infant's hearing differ from that of an adult's? |
| | A) | Infants are unable to determine the general location from where a sound is coming. |
| | B) | Infants do not exhibit any auditory preferences. |
| | C) | Infants are less sensitive to pitch than adults are. |
| | D) | Infants can hear soft sounds better than adults can. |
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| 27.
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Which part of an adult's hearing is usually the first to decline? |
| | A) | sensitivity to high pitches |
| | B) | sensitivity to low pitches |
| | C) | auditory localization |
| | D) | sensitivity to soft sounds |
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| 28.
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Research suggests that sensitivity to taste begins: |
| | A) | before birth. |
| | B) | within the first week after birth. |
| | C) | within the first month after birth. |
| | D) | within the first year of life. |
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| 29.
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Declines in taste often begin to occur when an adult reaches their: |
| | A) | forties. |
| | B) | fifties. |
| | C) | sixties. |
| | D) | seventies. |
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| 30.
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Recognizing that decreasing volume in the sound of a car engine goes with the sight of a car moving away, rather than moving toward you, is an example of: |
| | A) | ecological perception. |
| | B) | depth perception. |
| | C) | intermodal perception. |
| | D) | constructivist perception. |
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