| ars nova | Latin, "new art"; a style of music in fourteenth century Europe. It used more secular themes than the "old art" music of earlier times, which was closely identified with sacred music.
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| Atmospheric perspective | is achieved in many ways: by diminishing color intensity, by omitting detail, and by blurring the lines of an object.
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| campanile | From the Latin "campana," bell; a bell tower, especially one near but not attached to a church; an Italian invention.
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| chanson | [shahn-SAWN] French, "song"; a fourteenth- to sixteenth-century French song for one or more voices, often with instrumental accompaniment. Similar to a madrigal.
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| devotio moderna | [de-VO-tee-oh mo-DER-nuh] The "new devotion" of late medieval Christianity that emphasized piety and discipline as practiced by lay religious communities located primarily in northern Europe.
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| drypoint | In art, the technique of incising an image, using a sharp, pointed instrument, onto a metal surface or block used for printing. Also, the print made from the technique.
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| engraving | In art, the technique of carving, cutting, or etching an image with a sharp, pointed instrument onto a metal surface overlaid with wax, dipping the surface in acid, and then printing it. Also, the print made from the technique.
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| fan vaulting | A decorative pattern of vault ribs that arch out or radiate from a central point on the ceiling; popular in English Perpendicular architecture.
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| Flamboyant style | [flam-BOY-uhnt] A Late French Gothic architectural style of elaborate decorations and ornamentation that produce a flamelike effect.
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| incunabula | (singular, incunabulum) The collection of books printed before 1500 C.E.
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| isorhythm | In music, a unifying method based on rhythmic patterns rather than melodic patterns.
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| Italo-Byzantine style | [ih-TAL-o-BIZ-uhn-teen] The style of Italian Gothic painting that reflected the influence of Byzantine paintings, mosaics, and icons.
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| Late Gothic style | A style characterized in architecture by ornate decoration and tall cathedral windows and spires and in painting and sculpture by increased refinement of details and a trend toward naturalism; popular in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in central and western Europe.
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| Linear perspective | based on mathematical calculations, is achieved by having parallel lines or lines of projection appearing to converge at a single point, known as the vanishing point, on the horizon of the flat surface and by diminishing distant objects in size according to scale to make them appear to recede from the viewer.
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| Perpendicular style | The highly decorative style of Late Gothic architecture that developed in England at the same time as the Late Gothic on the European continent.
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| perspective | A technique or formula for creating the illusion or appearance of depth and distance on a two-dimensional surface.
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| syncopation | [sin-ko-PAY-shun] In music, the technique of accenting the weak beat when a strong beat is expected.
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| via antiqua | [VEE-uh ahn-TEE-kwah] The "old way," the term used in late medieval thought by the opponents of St. Thomas Aquinas to describe his via media, which they considered outdated.
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| via moderna | [VEE-uh moh-DEHR-nah] The "new way," the term used in late medieval thought by those thinkers who opposed the school of Aquinas.
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| woodcut | In art, the technique of cutting or carving an image onto a wooden block used for printing; originated in the Late Middle Ages. Also, the print made from the technique.
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