 | Chapter Outline (See related pages)
- Period of Genius
- Key writers and artists
- The High Renaissance
- Characteristics
- Centered in Rome
- Early Mannerism
- Antihumanistic vision
- Characteristics
- The Rise of the Modern Sovereign State
- Emergence of unified, stable kingdoms
- The balance-of-power principle
- Overview of France's and Spain's involvement in international affairs
a) Characteristics of a typical sovereign state
b) The decline of the feudal nobility
c) French and Spanish wars
- The struggle for Italy, 1494-1529
- Charles VIII's determining role
- Louis XII's and Francis I's continued aggression
- Charles V and the first Hapsburg-Valois war
- The independence of Venice
- Charles V and the Hapsburg Empire
- Hapsburg-Valois struggles, 1530-1559
- Charles V, a ruler of paradox and irony
- The lands of Charles V
- The abdication of Charles V and the division of the Hapsburg inheritance
a) Ferdinand and the German-Austrian Hapsburg territories
b) Philip and the Spanish-Hapsburg territories
- Economic Expansion and Social Development
- Demographics, prosperity, and the beginning of a global world
- Recovery from plague years
- Commercial shift from Mediterranean to the Atlantic coast
- Demographics, prosperity, and the beginning of a global world
- Technology
- Sailing
- Warfare
- Science and medicine
- From High Renaissance to Early Mannerism
- High Renaissance style
- Inspired by ancient Classicism
a) Humanistic
b) Secular
c) Idealistic
- Relationship to Early Renaissance style
- Central role of Rome and the popes
- Mannerism
- Inspired by the religious crisis and the sack of Rome, 1527
- Reaction against Classical ideals
- Literature
- High Renaissance
a) Gaspara Stampa
(1) High Renaissance poetry
(2) Petrarchan style and themes
(3) The superiority of the suffering lover
b) Castiglione
(1) Revival of the Platonist dialogue
(2) The Book of the Courtier
(a) The ideal gentleman
(b) The ideal lady
- Machiavelli
a) Strong imprint on Western culture
b) The Prince
- Painting
- Primary art form of the age
- Leonardo da Vinci
a) The Last Supper
(1) Description
(2) Characteristics
b) Mona Lisa
(1) Description
(2) Characteristics
- Michelangelo
a) His aesthetic creed
b) The Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes: High Renaissance
(1) Description
(2) Characteristics
c) The Last Judgment fresco: Early Mannerist
(1) Description
(2) Characteristics
- Raphael
a) His aesthetic creed
b) The School of Athens
(1) Description
(2) Characteristics
c) Sistine Madonna
(1) Description
(2) Characteristics
- The Venetian School: Giorgione and Titian
a) The Venetian tradition and development
b) The Tempest
(1) Description
(2) Characteristics
c) Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple
(1) Description
(2) Characteristics
- The School of Parma: Parmigianino
a) His aesthetic ideal
b) Madonna with the Long Neck
(1) Description
(2) Characteristics
- Sculpture
- Introduction: Michelangelo
- Pietà, 1498-1499, High Renaissance
a) Description
b) Characteristics
- David, High Renaissance
a) Description
b) Characteristics
- Pietà, before 1555, Early Mannerist
a) Description
b) Characteristics
- Architecture
- Bramante
a) His aesthetic code
b) The Tempietto, High Renaissance
(1) Description
(2) Characteristics
- Michelangelo
a) His aesthetic code
b) St. Peter's Basilica, High Renaissance
(1) Description
(2) Characteristics
- Andrea di Pietro, called Palladio
a) His aesthetic code
b) The Villa Capra, or the Villa Rotonda-Early Mannerist
(1) Description
(2) Characteristics
- Music
- Josquin des Prez and the High Renaissance musical style
- Adrian Willaert
- The invention of families of instruments called consorts
- The Legacy of the High Renaissance and Early Mannerism
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