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  1. The Last Days of the Roman Empire
    1. Historical overview
      1. Survey of imperial problems
      2. Phases of late Roman history
    2. Diocletian's reforms and the triumph of Christianity, 284-395
      1. The Great Persecutions and Christian toleration
          2. a)   Techniques and phases of persecutions
          b)   Constantine and the spread of Christianity
      2. Early Christian developments
          3. a)   Arianism
            (1)   The triumph of Bishop Athanasius
            (2)   The Nicene Creed
            (3)   Ulfilas, an Arian bishop
          b)   The rise of ascetic movements
            (1)   Pachomius
            (2)   Antony
    3. Christian Rome and the end of the Western Empire, 395-476
      1. Invasions by the Germans
      2. Collapse of Roman institutions

  2. The Transition from Classical Humanism to Christian Civilization
    1. Literature, theology, and history
      1. The decline of secular writing
      2. The Fathers of the Church
          3. a)   Ambrose
            (1)   Writings
            (2)   Influence
          b)   Jerome
            (1)   Writings
            (2)   Influence
          c)   Augustine
            (1)   Writings
            (2)   Influence
      3. Church history: Eusebius
          4. a)   New literary genre
          b)   Influence
    2. The visual arts
      1. Late Roman style
      2. Architecture
          3. a)   Palaces
          b)   Arches
          c)   Basilicas
          d)   Domed structures
      3. Sculpture
          4. a)   Secular developments
            (1)   Free-standing works
            (2)   Colossal statues
            (3)   Reliefs
            (4)   Stylistic changes
          b)   Christian art
            (1)   Sarcophagus art
            (2)   Stylistic changes
      4. Painting and mosaics
          5. a)   Book illustrations
          b)   Mosaics
            (1)   Subjects and themes
            (2)   Contrast with secular art
            (3)   Developments in the Eastern Roman Empire
    3. Music
      1. Sacred hymns
      2. The contributions of Ambrose

  3. The Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantine Civilization, 476-1453
    1. Shifting fortunes but stable features
    2. History of the Byzantine Empire
      1. Rulers and ruling dynasties
          2. a)   Justinian
          b)   The Macedonian dynasty and the Golden Age of Byzantium, 867-1081
          c)   The Comneni dynasty
          d)   The Paleologian dynasty
      2. Civilizing mission in eastern Europe
      3. Patterns of social change
      4. Surrounded by enemies in later years
    3. Byzantine culture: Christianity and Classicism
      1. Conflict inherited from Rome
      2. The Orthodox religion
          3. a)   The office of patriarch
          b)   Differences between Orthodox and Western Christianity
          c)   Religious disputes
            (1)   Iconoclastic Controversy
            (2)   Other dissension
          d)   Monasticism
      3. Science and Technology
          4. a)   Greco-Roman influence
          b)   Greek influence on medicine
          c)   Military decline
      4. Law and History
          5. a)   Heir to Roman law
          b)   The Justinian Code
            (1)   Principles
            (2)   Influence
          c)   Anna Comnena, the Alexiad
      5. Architecture and mosaics
          6. a)   The Byzantine style
            (1)   Elements of Byzantine architecture
            (2)   The pendentive
            (3)   The dome
          b)   Outstanding buildings and their characteristics
            (1)   The church of Hagia Sophia, Constantinople
            (2)   The church of San Vitale, Ravenna
            (3)   The church of Sant' Apollinare in Classe
          c)   Mosaics
            (1)   Contrast with the Roman style
            (2)   The portrayals of Justinian and Theodora and their courtiers
          d)   Impact of the Iconoclastic Controversy
            (1)   Destruction of past art
            (2)   Inauguration of a theological art

  4. The Early Medieval West
    1. Explanation of medieval
    2. The Early Middle Ages: A Romano-Germanic Christianized world
      1. Western life after the fall of Rome
      2. Growing stability
          3. a)   Tribes and kingdoms
          b)   The kingdom of the Franks
            (1)   The Merovingian dynasty
            (2)   The Carolingian dynasty
          c)   Charlemagne's empire
            (1)   Geographic expansion
            (2)   The coronation in Rome
            (3)   Governmental apparatus
            (4)   Breakup
      3. The political chaos of the ninth and tenth centuries and the rise of new states
          4. a)   The beginning of modern France: Hugh Capet as the king of the western Franks
          b)   The beginning of modern Germany: Otto the Great as emperor of the Germans and Saxons
    3. Religion and culture in the Early Middle Ages
      1. Christianity: leadership and organization
          2. a)   The papacy
            (1)   Gregory the Great
            (2)   The intractable problem of secular power over church affairs
          b)   The regular clergy
            (1)   The Benedictine reforms
            (2)   Monastic contributions to cultural life
      2. Literature, history, and learning
          3. a)   Scholars and historians
            (1)   Boethius
            (2)   Gregory of Tours
            (3)   Bede
          b)   The Carolingian Renaissance
            (1)   Characteristics
            (2)   The palace school
            (3)   Alcuin of York
            (4)   Einhard
            (5)   Carolingian minuscule
          c)   A tenth-century playwright: Hrotswitha
      3. Music
          4. a)   Gregorian chants
          b)   Polyphony
      4. Architecture
          5. a)   Related to decline in living conditions
          b)   Charlemagne's building program
            (1)   Palaces and a royal residence
            (2)   Palace chapel in Aachen
      5. Painting: illuminated manuscripts
          6. a)   The Carolingian style
          b)   The German Reichnau school
    4. Technology
      1. Warfare
      2. Farming

  5. The Legacy of Late Rome, Byzantium, and the Early Medieval West






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