1. Emphasis and Subordination (p. 134-136)
Art>Elements of Art>Shape>Composition>Movement
http://www.mhhe.com/ArtStudio/1/2/3/1.html
Click on the link above to learn about how artists compose elements in their works to move our eyes through them, emphasizing some elements of the composition, and subordinating others. Keeping these principles in mind, examine Francisco de Goya's Executions of the Third of May (Fig. 5.17, p. 136). How has Goya emphasized his dramatic subject through suggesting major and minor eye movements and establishing a focal point?

2. Rhythm (p. 141-144)
Art>Elements of Art>Shape>Composition>Rhythm
http://www.mhhe.com/ArtStudio/1/2/3/2.html
Click on the link above to explore the concept of visual rhythm, ranging in nature from repetition to discord. Then, examine Paul Klee's Landscape with Yellow Birds (Fig. 5.29, p. 143). How does Klee use visual rhythm to organize his work, and what sort of rhythms do you find in it? Find another work of art that makes use of visual rhythm and compare its rhythmic patterns to those in Klee's painting.

3. Elements and Principles: A Summary (p. 144-146)
Art>Elements of Art>Shape>Composition>Movement
http://www.mhhe.com/ArtStudio/1/2/3/4.html
The link above leads to a number of examples of compositions demonstrating principles of design. Take a look at each example, and search the textbook for works of art with compositions that use similar principles, such as "eye led through the composition in a circular fashion," and "discord created with random organic shapes."

4. Scale and Proportion (p. 136-141)
Architecture>Elements of Architecture>Proportion>Ratio
http://www.mhhe.com/ArtStudio/4/4/3.html
We perceive proportion because of mathematical ratios as well as in relation to our own bodies. To examine scale relationships used by architects such as Le Corbusier's Modulor system (See Fig. 5.25, p. 140), click on the link above and explore the ratio measurements that make up each system: Harmonic, Modular, and Ken. To investigate how artists and architects use the Golden Section, click on  the explanation below "Ratio" in My Art Studio. Can you find examples of proportional ratios in spaces around you?