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1 | |
Meiosis increases the number of chromosomes in a cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | |
A zygote always has the diploid number of chromosomes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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3 | |
Sexual reproduction _____. |
| | A) | requires haploid gametes |
| | B) | results in a diploid zygote |
| | C) | creates offspring that are genetically different from the parents |
| | D) | all of the above |
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4 | |
Sexual reproduction decreases the genetic variability of the next generation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | |
Homologous chromosomes are found in _____. |
| | A) | eggs |
| | B) | sperm |
| | C) | diploid body cells |
| | D) | both A and B |
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6 | |
Homologous chromosomes _____. |
| | A) | have the same centromere position |
| | B) | contain genes for the same traits |
| | C) | are the same length |
| | D) | all of the above |
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7 | |
Although homologous chromosomes have genes for the same traits such as hair color, one homologue may have a gene for brown hair and the other homologue may have a gene for blonde hair. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | |
Gametes _____. |
| | A) | are diploid |
| | B) | contain only one chromosome of each kind |
| | C) | have the same number of chromosomes as the body cells |
| | D) | all of the above |
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9 | |
Once duplicated, a chromosome is composed of two identical parts called _____. |
| | A) | sister chromatids |
| | B) | centromeres |
| | C) | homologous chromosomes |
| | D) | chiasmata |
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10 | |
Replication of the DNA occurs _____. |
| | A) | prior to meiosis I |
| | B) | prior to meiosis II |
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11 | |
Homologous chromosomes separate during _____. |
| | A) | meiosis I |
| | B) | meiosis II |
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12 | |
A bivalent contains _____ chromatids. |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
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13 | |
Replication of DNA is necessary between meiosis I and meiosis II. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | |
At the completion of meiosis II, there are _____ daughter cells. |
| | A) | two haploid |
| | B) | two diploid |
| | C) | four haploid |
| | D) | four diploid |
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15 | |
The diploid number of chromosomes is restored after _____ so that an animal's body cells contain the diploid number of chromosomes. |
| | A) | meiosis I |
| | B) | meiosis II |
| | C) | fertilization |
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16 | |
Synapsis results in _____. |
| | A) | a bivalent |
| | B) | the diploid number of chromosomes |
| | C) | a zygote |
| | D) | four haploid cells |
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17 | |
During meiosis II, sister chromatids separate from one another. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
Following synapsis during meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes _____. |
| | A) | separate |
| | B) | join |
| | C) | diffuse |
| | D) | replicate |
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19 | |
Sexual reproduction contributes greatly to the process of _____. |
| | A) | evolution |
| | B) | metabolism |
| | C) | organization |
| | D) | growth and repair |
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20 | |
The only method of creating genetic variation is sexual reproduction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | |
Meiosis prevents the number of chromosomes from increasing in the next generation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
Regions where nonsister chromatids are attached due to crossing over are called _____. |
| | A) | centromeres |
| | B) | tetrads |
| | C) | chiasmata |
| | D) | centrioles |
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23 | |
After crossing over, the sister chromatids _____. |
| | A) | are no longer identical |
| | B) | carry recombined genes |
| | C) | contain genetic instructions from a mother and father |
| | D) | all of the above |
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24 | |
Genetic recombination during meiosis occurs by _____. |
| | A) | crossing over |
| | B) | independent assortment of homologous chromosomes |
| | C) | both A and B |
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25 | |
When genetic information is exchanged between nonsister chromatids, _____ has occurred. |
| | A) | independent assortment of homologous chromosomes |
| | B) | a mutation |
| | C) | crossing over |
| | D) | fertilization |
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26 | |
Organisms that reproduce asexually depend primarily on mutations for the generation of variation among their offspring. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | |
We inherit half our chromosomes from our mother and half from our father. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | |
During synapsis, a nucleoprotein lattice holds the _____ together. |
| | A) | sister chromatids |
| | B) | bivalent |
| | C) | centromeres |
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29 | |
There is only one possible combination of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the gametes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | |
The combining of chromosomes from genetically different gametes occurs during _____. |
| | A) | crossing over |
| | B) | synapsis |
| | C) | meiosis II |
| | D) | fertilization |
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31 | |
The chromosomes in one gamete have a different combination of genes than chromosomes in another gamete due to _____. |
| | A) | crossing over |
| | B) | independent alignment of bivalents at the metaphase plate |
| | C) | fertilization |
| | D) | cytokinesis |
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32 | |
When homologues align at the metaphase plate, the maternal and paternal homologues are oriented towards a specific pole. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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33 | |
After anaphase I, each chromosome still has two chromatids. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | |
Which of the following occurs during prophase I? |
| | A) | spindle forms |
| | B) | the nuclear envelope fragments |
| | C) | synapsis |
| | D) | all of the above |
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35 | |
Crossing over between nonsister chromatids occurs during _____. |
| | A) | interkinesis |
| | B) | prophase I |
| | C) | telophase I |
| | D) | anaphase II |
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36 | |
If telophase I takes place, which of the following always happens? |
| | A) | the nuclear envelope reforms |
| | B) | cytokinesis occurs |
| | C) | nucleoli appear |
| | D) | both A and C |
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37 | |
The homologues of each bivalent separate and move to opposite poles during _____. |
| | A) | prophase I |
| | B) | metaphase II |
| | C) | anaphase I |
| | D) | anaphase II |
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38 | |
DNA replication does not occur during interkinesis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | |
During _____ the sister chromatids separate and therefore four daughter cells each have chromosomes with one chromatid. |
| | A) | meiosis I |
| | B) | meiosis II |
| | C) | mitosis |
| | D) | both A and B |
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40 | |
A fully formed spindle and alignment of the bivalents at the metaphase plate is characteristic of _____. |
| | A) | metaphase I |
| | B) | anaphase I |
| | C) | metaphase II |
| | D) | prophase I |
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41 | |
The maternal homologue of each bivalent may be oriented toward either pole during metaphase I. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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42 | |
At the end of telophase II and cytokinesis there are __________ haploid cells. |
| | A) | two |
| | B) | four |
| | C) | six |
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43 | |
The adult generation of all organisms is diploid. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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44 | |
Cells have one chromosome from each homologous pair during _____. |
| | A) | prophase II |
| | B) | metaphase II |
| | C) | anaphase II |
| | D) | all of the above |
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45 | |
The two sister chromatids separate at the centromere during _____. |
| | A) | prophase II |
| | B) | metaphase I |
| | C) | telophase I |
| | D) | anaphase II |
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46 | |
Sister chromatids align themselves at the metaphase plate during _____. |
| | A) | metaphase II |
| | B) | prophase I |
| | C) | anaphase II |
| | D) | interkinesis |
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47 | |
In animals the haploid cells produced by meiosis mature and become _____. |
| | A) | spores |
| | B) | zygotes |
| | C) | gametes |
| | D) | diploid |
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48 | |
Telophase II is characterized by _____. |
| | A) | the disappearance of the spindle |
| | B) | nuclei formation |
| | C) | cytokinesis |
| | D) | all of the above |
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49 | |
The reduction in the number of chromosomes is completed following _____. |
| | A) | prophase II |
| | B) | telophase I |
| | C) | anaphase II |
| | D) | metaphase I |
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50 | |
Which is characteristic of meiosis I? |
| | A) | pairing of chromosomes |
| | B) | separation of sister chromatids |
| | C) | diploid daughter cells |
| | D) | all of the above |
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51 | |
The daughter cells from meiosis are not genetically identical to each other or the parental cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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52 | |
In humans, meiosis occurs _____. |
| | A) | only in the reproductive organs |
| | B) | in all tissues |
| | C) | during growth and repair |
| | D) | all of the above |
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53 | |
DNA replication takes place _____ during meiosis. |
| | A) | only once |
| | B) | twice |
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54 | |
Which is true of both meiosis II and mitosis? |
| | A) | pairing of chromosomes |
| | B) | diploid number of chromosomes at the metaphase plate |
| | C) | separation of sister chromatids |
| | D) | four daughter cells |
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55 | |
Mitosis is characterized by _____ nuclear division(s). |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | four |
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56 | |
Which of the following results in diploid daughter cells? |
| | A) | meiosis I |
| | B) | meiosis II |
| | C) | mitosis |
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57 | |
The events of meiosis II are just like those of mitosis except that the nuclei contain the haploid number of chromosomes in meiosis II. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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58 | |
Homologous chromosomes pair and undergo crossing over only during _____. |
| | A) | meiosis I prophase I |
| | B) | meiosis II prophase II |
| | C) | mitosis prophase |
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59 | |
Which of the following is characterized by a haploid number of chromosomes? |
| | A) | meiosis I prophase I |
| | B) | mitosis telophase |
| | C) | meiosis II anaphase II |
| | D) | meiosis I metaphase I |
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60 | |
Mitosis results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and the parental cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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61 | |
Which phase is characterized by the haploid number of duplicated chromosomes at the metaphase plate? |
| | A) | meiosis II metaphase II |
| | B) | mitosis prophase |
| | C) | meiosis II telophase II |
| | D) | meiosis I metaphase I |
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62 | |
During anaphase II of meiosis homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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63 | |
Meiosis occurs at the same points during the life cycles of various organisms. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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64 | |
Zygotes may end up with an extra chromosome if a pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate during anaphase I. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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65 | |
Mitosis occurs in humans during _____. |
| | A) | development of the zygote |
| | B) | growth of a child |
| | C) | repair of tissue at any time |
| | D) | all of the above |
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66 | |
The alternation of generation life cycle is characteristic of _____. |
| | A) | animals |
| | B) | plants |
| | C) | protists |
| | D) | bacteria |
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67 | |
In animals, the only haploid stage of the life cycle is the _____. |
| | A) | gametes |
| | B) | spores |
| | C) | zygote |
| | D) | adult |
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68 | |
In fungi (and some algae), only the _____ are ever diploid. |
| | A) | gametes |
| | B) | adults |
| | C) | zygotes |
| | D) | spores |
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69 | |
The production of haploid spores is characteristic of animal life cycles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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70 | |
All three types of life cycles, typical of eukaryotic cells, include the production of gametes, a haploid phase, fertilization and a diploid phase. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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71 | |
Meiosis is not completed in females unless fertilization occurs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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72 | |
In the animal life cycle, the diploid adult produces gametes by _____. |
| | A) | meiosis |
| | B) | mitosis |
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73 | |
The completion of the first meiotic division in females results in _____. |
| | A) | four eggs |
| | B) | a secondary oocyte and a polar body |
| | C) | a zygote |
| | D) | two polar bodies |
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74 | |
The process of meiosis in males (humans) always results in _____. |
| | A) | four spermatids |
| | B) | two sperm |
| | C) | two polar bodies |
| | D) | two secondary spermatocytes |
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75 | |
When a primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis I, two _____ secondary spermatocytes are produced. |
| | A) | diploid |
| | B) | haploid |
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76 | |
The mature egg of a human has _____ chromosomes |
| | A) | 46 |
| | B) | 23 |
| | C) | 2 |
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77 | |
In females, meiosis is a part of _____ which occurs in the ovaries and produces eggs. |
| | A) | fertilization |
| | B) | oogenesis |
| | C) | the alternation of generations |
| | D) | spermatogenesis |
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78 | |
Meiosis in females produces only one egg and at least two polar bodies. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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79 | |
A primary spermatocyte with 46 chromosomes will undergo meiosis and yield _____. |
| | A) | four spermatids with 46 chromosomes |
| | B) | four spermatids with 23 chromosomes |
| | C) | two spermatids with 46 chromosomes |
| | D) | two spermatids with 23 chromosomes |
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80 | |
Meiotic division in a diploid multicellular adult which results in haploid spores is characteristic of _____. |
| | A) | animals |
| | B) | bacteria |
| | C) | protists |
| | D) | plants |
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