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1 | |
The chemistry of carbon allows the formation of varied organic molecules which accounts for _____. |
| | A) | the sameness of living things |
| | B) | the diversity of living things |
| | C) | both A and B |
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2 | |
Which of the following is considered a macromolecule? |
| | A) | nucleic acid |
| | B) | amino acid |
| | C) | fatty acid |
| | D) | none of the above |
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3 | |
Organic molecules are ones that always contain __________. |
| | A) | carbon and nitrogen |
| | B) | hydrogen and carbon |
| | C) | hydrogen and phosphorus |
| | D) | carbon and potassium |
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4 | |
Inorganic molecules do not affect living things. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the classes of primary organic molecules? |
| | A) | carbohydrates |
| | B) | proteins |
| | C) | salts |
| | D) | nucleic acids |
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6 | |
Molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen mix easily with water. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | |
Since carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell it can bind to as many as _____ other atoms. |
| | A) | two |
| | B) | four |
| | C) | six |
| | D) | eight |
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8 | |
Functional groups of organic molecules __________. |
| | A) | determine the polarity of an organic molecule |
| | B) | have specific chemical characteristics |
| | C) | can distinguish one type of organic molecule from another |
| | D) | all of the above |
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9 | |
The process by which polymers are turned into monomers is called__________. |
| | A) | condensation synthesis |
| | B) | ionization |
| | C) | hydrolysis |
| | D) | phagocytosis |
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10 | |
During condensation synthesis, water and a bond are formed. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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11 | |
Which is the INCORRECT association between monomer and polymer? |
| | A) | monosaccharide - polysaccharide |
| | B) | nucleic acid - polypeptide |
| | C) | nucleotide - nucleic acid |
| | D) | amino acid - polypeptide |
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12 | |
During hydrolysis, _____ is used to break a bond. |
| | A) | starch |
| | B) | cholesterol |
| | C) | water |
| | D) | DNA |
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13 | |
Carbons only bond with other carbons in a chain-like formation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | |
Isomers are molecules that are identical to each other in every way. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | |
Carbohydrates typically have twice as many hydrogen atoms as they do carbon and oxygen atoms. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | |
Carbohydrates include all of the following EXCEPT ______. |
| | A) | ribose |
| | B) | glucose |
| | C) | phospholipid |
| | D) | starch |
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17 | |
A dissacharide contains two monosaccharides that were hooked together by ______. |
| | A) | hydrolysis |
| | B) | condensation |
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18 | |
Which of the following is an isomer of glucose? |
| | A) | chitin |
| | B) | starch |
| | C) | lactose |
| | D) | fructose |
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19 | |
Cellulose is easily digested by humans. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | |
Dairy products contain the disaccharide _____, which some people are unable to digest. |
| | A) | cellulose |
| | B) | lactose |
| | C) | starch |
| | D) | glucose |
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21 | |
Plants store sugars in the form of _____ in their roots. |
| | A) | cellulose |
| | B) | glycogen |
| | C) | chitin |
| | D) | starch |
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22 | |
Which of the following functions is performed by carbohydrates? |
| | A) | energy storage |
| | B) | identification of cell type |
| | C) | plant cell wall support |
| | D) | all of the above |
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23 | |
Which of the following polysaccharides is found in the exoskeletons of crabs and grasshoppers? |
| | A) | glucose |
| | B) | chitin |
| | C) | glycogen |
| | D) | maltose |
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24 | |
Animal cells store extra glucose as _____. |
| | A) | starch |
| | B) | chitin |
| | C) | cellulose |
| | D) | glycogen |
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25 | |
Deoxyribose is the sugar found in _____. |
| | A) | DNA |
| | B) | RNA |
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26 | |
Carbohydrates are commonly described as _____. |
| | A) | oils |
| | B) | waxes |
| | C) | sugars |
| | D) | proteins |
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27 | |
Which best describes a saturated fat? |
| | A) | many C=C bonds in its fatty acids |
| | B) | liquid at room temperature |
| | C) | animal origin |
| | D) | all of the above |
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28 | |
Fats from plants are liquid at room temperature. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
After hydrolysis of a triglyceride, we would have _____. |
| | A) | many amino acids |
| | B) | different types of nucleotides |
| | C) | fatty acids and glycerol |
| | D) | monosaccharides and disaccharides |
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30 | |
Diets high in saturated fat have been associated with cardiovascular disease. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
Which of the following is NOT a use/function of lipids? |
| | A) | speed up chemical reactions |
| | B) | insulation |
| | C) | plasma membrane component |
| | D) | long-term energy storage |
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32 | |
Lipids are generally _____ due to an absence of polar groups. |
| | A) | hydrophobic |
| | B) | hydrophilic |
| | C) | inert |
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33 | |
_____ form the waterproof cuticle of plants that decreases water loss. |
| | A) | oils |
| | B) | steroids waxes |
| | C) | phospholipids |
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34 | |
Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head (phosphate group) and hydrophobic tails (fatty acids). |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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35 | |
The plasma membrane is primarily composed of _____. |
| | A) | phospholipids |
| | B) | waxes |
| | C) | fats |
| | D) | all of the above |
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36 | |
The Aqua Puffs cereal, in figure 3A, that has no saturated fat and no cholesterol would be a recommended food for someone trying to lower their risk of coronary heart disease. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | |
Dieticians recommend that the majority of our dietary calories come from ______. |
| | A) | saturated fats |
| | B) | proteins |
| | C) | carbohydrates |
| | D) | cholesterol |
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38 | |
Which of the following statements about cholesterol is TRUE? |
| | A) | It is a steroid. |
| | B) | It is used to make the sex hormones, estrogen and testosterone. |
| | C) | It has a backbone of four fused carbon rings. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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39 | |
Which of the following can bring about a change in protein shape? |
| | A) | temperature |
| | B) | pH |
| | C) | either A or B |
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40 | |
The monomers of proteins are _____. |
| | A) | amino acids |
| | B) | monosaccharides |
| | C) | glycerol |
| | D) | nucleotides |
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41 | |
Which of the following specific kinds of proteins defends us against infectious agents? |
| | A) | hormones |
| | B) | transport proteins |
| | C) | enzymes |
| | D) | antibodies |
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42 | |
Each of the twenty different amino acids has an amino group, a carboxyl group and an R group that distinguishes one amino acid from another. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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43 | |
The chemical characteristics of the amino acids are determined by their _____. |
| | A) | amino group |
| | B) | R group |
| | C) | carboxyl group |
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44 | |
When you boil an egg, the white becomes hard because the albumin protein is denatured by the heat. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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45 | |
The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its _____. |
| | A) | primary structure |
| | B) | secondary structure |
| | C) | tertiary structure |
| | D) | quaternary structure |
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46 | |
All proteins have four levels of structure. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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47 | |
The bond between two amino acids is ______. |
| | A) | formed by hydrolysis |
| | B) | an ionic bond |
| | C) | nonpolar |
| | D) | know as a peptide bond |
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48 | |
The three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide is associated with its _____. |
| | A) | primary structure |
| | B) | secondary structure |
| | C) | tertiary structure |
| | D) | quaternary structure |
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49 | |
Once a protein has been denatured it will never regain its normal shape and function. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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50 | |
Which of the following acts as an intercellular messenger? |
| | A) | hormone |
| | B) | antibody |
| | C) | enzyme |
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51 | |
DNA is single-stranded, but RNA is double-stranded. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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52 | |
In DNA, the number of purine bases always equals the number of pyrimidine bases. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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53 | |
Which of the following is NOT found in a nucleotide? |
| | A) | a pentose sugar |
| | B) | phosphate |
| | C) | peptide bonds |
| | D) | a nitrogen-containing base |
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54 | |
Nucleotides joined together by condensation synthesis form _____. |
| | A) | polypeptides |
| | B) | nucleic acids |
| | C) | polysaccharides |
| | D) | lipids |
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55 | |
ATP is a high-energy molecule because two of its phosphate bonds are unstable and easily broken. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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56 | |
The two strands of DNA are held together by _____ between the purine and pyrimidine bases. |
| | A) | ionic bonds |
| | B) | hydrogen bonds |
| | C) | covalent bonds |
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57 | |
The nucleotide that supplies energy for condensation synthesis is _____. |
| | A) | adenosine triphosphate |
| | B) | guanine |
| | C) | thymine |
| | D) | cytosine |
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58 | |
The molecule that stores the information about the order of amino acids in a protein is _____. |
| | A) | ATP |
| | B) | RNA |
| | C) | DNA |
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59 | |
DNA contains _____ type(s) of nucleotide(s). |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
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60 | |
How many carbon atoms are there in a molecule of glucose, C6H12O6? |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 6 |
| | C) | 12 |
| | D) | 24 |
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61 | |
The thymine nucleotide is always paired with the adenine nucleotide in DNA. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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