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| 1 | |
When psychologists speak of life-span development, they are referring to an approach that emphasizes: |
| | A) | child development, specifically. |
| | B) | humanity's historical development. |
| | C) | only the periods of the human life span involving growth. |
| | D) | both the periods of the human life span involving both growth and those involving decline |
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| 2 | |
The upper boundary of the human life span has historically been, and continues to be, __________ years. |
| | A) | 78 |
| | B) | 100 |
| | C) | 110 |
| | D) | 122 |
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| 3 | |
During the 20th century, life expectancy increased _________ years. |
| | A) | 15 |
| | B) | 20 |
| | C) | 30 |
| | D) | 35 |
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| 4 | |
Unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual's life and are usually not applicable to many people are called: |
| | A) | non-normative life events. |
| | B) | normative history-graded influences. |
| | C) | normative age-graded influences. |
| | D) | normative life events |
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| 5 | |
Baltes and his colleagues assert that the mastery of life often involves conflicts and competition among three goals of human development: |
| | A) | influences, life events, and plasticity. |
| | B) | growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss. |
| | C) | growth, decline, and plasticity. |
| | D) | influences, growth, and regulation of loss. |
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| 6 | |
In 2006, _____ of U.S. children were living in families below the poverty line. |
| | A) | 19.2% |
| | B) | 17.4% |
| | C) | 16.4% |
| | D) | 22.8% |
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| 7 | |
The Minnesota Family Investment Program was designed to: |
| | A) | provide parents with education on parenting young children. |
| | B) | primarily influence the behavior of adults, through employment. |
| | C) | primarily influence the behavior of children, through early childhood education. |
| | D) | primarily influence the behavior of the family, through family therapy. |
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| 8 | |
The process we refer to when we speak of changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language is the: |
| | A) | cognitive process. |
| | B) | socioemotional process. |
| | C) | intellectual process. |
| | D) | conceptual process. |
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| 9 | |
Life-Span developmentalists who focus on adult development and aging describe life-span development in terms of four "ages." The third age comprises those ___________ years of age. |
| | A) | 40–59 |
| | B) | 50–69 |
| | C) | 60–79 |
| | D) | 70–89 |
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| 10 | |
A person's age in terms of his or her physical health is called: |
| | A) | psychological age. |
| | B) | biological age. |
| | C) | chronological age. |
| | D) | A and B |
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| 11 | |
The most important issues in the study of development include all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | nature and nurture. |
| | B) | continuity and discontinuity. |
| | C) | stability and change. |
| | D) | masculinity and femininity |
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| 12 | |
Freud is associated with which theoretical perspective? |
| | A) | psychoanalytic |
| | B) | cognitive |
| | C) | behavioral and social cognitive |
| | D) | ecological |
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| 13 | |
What is the correct sequence of stages in Freud's personality theory of development? |
| | A) | oral, phallic, genital, anal, latency |
| | B) | oral, phallic, latency, anal, genital |
| | C) | oral, anal, latency, phallic, genital |
| | D) | oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital |
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| 14 | |
Which psychologist contended that "trust versus mistrust" is the first psychological stage? |
| | A) | Jean Piaget |
| | B) | Erik Erikson |
| | C) | Sigmund Freud |
| | D) | Lev Vygotsky |
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| 15 | |
The criticisms of psychoanalytic theory include all of the following ones, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | the sexual underpinnings of development are given too much importance. |
| | B) | a lack of scientific support. |
| | C) | too much emphasis on unconscious processes. |
| | D) | an image of people that is too negative. |
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| 16 | |
Piaget's theory states that children actively construct their understanding of the world and that they go through _______ stages of cognitive development. |
| | A) | three |
| | B) | four |
| | C) | five |
| | D) | six |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following is an assumption of Vygotsky's perspective on development? |
| | A) | Children do not adapt their thinking to new ideas via the processes of assimilation and accommodation. |
| | B) | Children's cognitive skills cannot be understood when they are only developmentally analyzed and interpreted. |
| | C) | Cognitive skills are not mediated by words, language, and forms of discourse. |
| | D) | Cognitive skills do not have their origins in social relations. |
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| 18 | |
Robert Siegler emphasizes that an important aspect of development is: |
| | A) | being rewarded for good behaviors. |
| | B) | actively constructing one's world through assimilation and accommodation. |
| | C) | learning good strategies for processing information. |
| | D) | learning through the pairing of a neutral stimulus with a conditioned response |
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| 19 | |
Who was the psychologist responsible for originating the theory of attachment? |
| | A) | Konrad Lorenz. |
| | B) | Urie Bronfenbrenner. |
| | C) | Albert Bandura |
| | D) | John Bowlby |
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| 20 | |
__________ is to operant conditioning as __________ is to social cognitive theory. |
| | A) | Skinner; Bandura. |
| | B) | Skinner; Pavlov. |
| | C) | Pavlov; Watson. |
| | D) | Pavlov; Bandura |
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| 21 | |
Which of the following is NOT a method used in life-span development research to collect data. |
| | A) | survey and interview |
| | B) | case study |
| | C) | psychological measures |
| | D) | observation |
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| 22 | |
The American Psychological Association (APA) has developed ethical guidelines in conducting research that address four important issues. Which of the following is NOT included? |
| | A) | informed consent |
| | B) | authorization to release information |
| | C) | deception |
| | D) | debriefing |
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