| A) | A specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm (or gametes).
|
| B) | A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome, making them XXY instead of XY.
|
| C) | Siblings' common environmental experiences, such as their parents' personalities and intellectual orientation, socioeconomic status, and neighborhood.
|
| D) | Units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Genes direct cells to reproduce themselves and manufacture the proteins that maintain life.
|
| E) | Stage in reproduction whereby an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, called a zygote.
|
| F) | A chromosomal transmitted form of mental retardation, caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.
|
| G) | The field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development.
|
| H) | Correlations that exist when children seek out environments they find compatible and stimulating.
|
| I) | Correlations that exist when the natural parents, who are genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment for the child.
|
| J) | Emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior.
|
| K) | Cellular reproduction in which the cell's nucleus duplicates itself with two new cells being formed, each containing the same DNA as the parent cell, arranged in the same 23 pairs of chromosomes.
|
| L) | A person's genetic heritage; the actual genetic material.
|
| M) | Emphasizes that development is the result of an ongoing, bi-directional interchange between heredity and environment.
|
| N) | A study in which the behavioral similarity of identical twins is compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins.
|
| O) | A single cell formed through fertilization.
|
| P) | The child's unique experiences, within and outside the family, that are not shared by another sibling.
|
| Q) | A Chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra Y chromosome.
|
| R) | The way an individual's genotype is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics
|
| S) | Threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, one member of each pair coming from each parent. Chromosomes contain the genetic substance DNA.
|
| T) | A complex molecule that contains genetic information.
|
| U) | A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or the second X chromosome is partially deleted.
|
| V) | A genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells and occurs most often in people of African descent.
|
| W) | Genetic disorder in which an individual cannot properly metabolize an amino acide. PKU is now easily detected but, if left untreated, results in mental retardation and hyperactivity.
|
| X) | A study in which investigators seek to discover whether, in behavior and psychological characteristics, adopted children are more like their adoptive parents, who provided a home environment, or more like their biological parents, who contributed their heredity.
|
| Y) | A genetic disorder involving an abnormality in the X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks.
|
| Z) | Correlations that exist when the child's genotype elicits certain types of physical and social environments.
|
.