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| 1 | |
Researchers have found that _________ infants display less frequent, and less positive and negative emotions than non-Latino white infants. |
| | A) | Latino |
| | B) | East Indian |
| | C) | Native American |
| | D) | Asian |
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| 2 | |
Stranger Anxiety usually emerges gradually. It appears at about ______, and continues to escalate through _______. |
| | A) | 6 months, 9 months |
| | B) | 9 months, 12 months |
| | C) | 6 months, 15 months |
| | D) | 6 months, 12 months |
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| 3 | |
For the average infant, social smiles begin to appear at: |
| | A) | 2 to 3 months. |
| | B) | 3 to 4 weeks. |
| | C) | 5 to 7 months. |
| | D) | 9 to 12 months. |
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| 4 | |
Baby Joshua lets out a long initial cry followed by an extended period of breath holding. This pattern can best be described as a (an): |
| | A) | anger cry. |
| | B) | basic cry. |
| | C) | pain cry. |
| | D) | negative affectivity. |
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| 5 | |
Which set of descriptors is associated with a famous study of infant temperament? |
| | A) | secure, insecure, and disorganized |
| | B) | positive and negative affectivity |
| | C) | anger cry, basic cry, and pain cry |
| | D) | easy child, difficult child, and slow-to-warm-up child |
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| 6 | |
Baby Elizabeth has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood. She would best be described as: |
| | A) | slow-to-warm-up. |
| | B) | easy. |
| | C) | difficult. |
| | D) | sociable. |
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| 7 | |
An inhibited temperament is associated with: |
| | A) | low and stable heart rate, low level of cortisol, low activity in the right frontal lobe. |
| | B) | low and stable heart rate, high level of cortisol, high activity in the right frontal lobe. |
| | C) | high and stable heart rate, high level of cortisol, high activity in the right frontal lobe. |
| | D) | high and stable heart rate, high level of cortisol, low activity in the right frontal lobe. |
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| 8 | |
__________ refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with. |
| | A) | Stranger anxiety |
| | B) | Emotional regulation |
| | C) | Goodness of fit |
| | D) | Attachment |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following researchers did NOT study attachment? |
| | A) | Harry Harlow |
| | B) | Mary Ainsworth |
| | C) | John Bowlby |
| | D) | Sheila Kamerman |
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| 10 | |
According to Bowlby, in which phase do infants develop specific attachments? |
| | A) | phase 1 |
| | B) | phase 2 |
| | C) | phase 3 |
| | D) | phase 4 |
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| 11 | |
Mai uses her mother as a secure base from which to explore her environment. Which type of baby would she be classified as? |
| | A) | insecure avoidant |
| | B) | securely attached |
| | C) | insecure resistant |
| | D) | disorganized |
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| 12 | |
Which caregiving style is related to the insecure resistant style of attachment in infants? |
| | A) | sensitivity to baby's needs and consistently available to meet them |
| | B) | unavailable or rejecting |
| | C) | inconsistently available and usually not affectionate |
| | D) | neglectful or physically abusive |
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| 13 | |
The principle of reciprocal socialization suggests that parents __________ socialize children and children __________ socialize parents. |
| | A) | do; do |
| | B) | do; do not |
| | C) | do not; do |
| | D) | do not; do not |
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| 14 | |
__________ is parental behavior that supports children's efforts, allowing them to be more skillful than they would be if they were to rely solely on their own abilities. |
| | A) | Reciprocal socialization |
| | B) | Attachment |
| | C) | MAX |
| | D) | Scaffolding |
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| 15 | |
Which country has the most extensive family leave policy for new parents? |
| | A) | the United States |
| | B) | Australia |
| | C) | Sweden |
| | D) | China |
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| 16 | |
Regarding gender differences in parental caregiving, which of the following statements is TRUE? |
| | A) | Paternal interactions are less likely to include play. |
| | B) | Mothers engage in more rough-and-tumble play with their infants. |
| | C) | Infants consistently demonstrate a preference for the mother. |
| | D) | Maternal interactions usually center on child-care activities. |
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| 17 | |
In a recent study on child care, conducted by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, which of the following was found to be FALSE? |
| | A) | Infants in more than 10 hours per week of day care demonstrated lower levels of attachment to their mothers. |
| | B) | Child-care quality was linked with fewer child-care problems. |
| | C) | Infants from low-income families were more likely to receive low-quality child care than their high-income counterparts. |
| | D) | Quality of care included things such as group size and child–adult ratio. |
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