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| 1 | |
During early childhood, the average child grows ______ inches per year. |
| | A) | 1½ |
| | B) | 2 |
| | C) | 2½ |
| | D) | 3 |
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| 2 | |
Regarding brain development in early childhood, which of the following statements is TRUE? |
| | A) | Increases in brain development are due to increases in the number and size of nerve endings and to myelination. |
| | B) | By the age of 5 years, the brain has reached 75% of its adult size. |
| | C) | From age 6 through puberty, the most rapid growth takes place in the frontal lobes. |
| | D) | From age 3 through 6, the most rapid growth takes place in the temporal and parietal lobes. |
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| 3 | |
Myelination in the areas of the brain related to hand-eye coordination is not complete until: |
| | A) | 3 years of age. |
| | B) | 4 years of age. |
| | C) | 5 years of age. |
| | D) | 6 years of age. |
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| 4 | |
In the area of fine motor skills, sometimes _____-year-old children have trouble building high towers with blocks, because in their desire to stack perfectly, they may upset those already stacked. |
| | A) | 3 |
| | B) | 4 |
| | C) | 5 |
| | D) | 6 |
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| 5 | |
What is one of the most common nutritional problems in early childhood, associated with failure to eat adequate amounts of quality meats and dark green vegetables? |
| | A) | iron deficiency anemia |
| | B) | obesity |
| | C) | high blood sugar |
| | D) | high cholesterol |
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| 6 | |
Which stage of cognitive development occurs between ages 2 and 4 years and involves the child's ability to mentally represent an object that is not present? |
| | A) | symbolic function substage |
| | B) | egocentrism substage |
| | C) | animism substage |
| | D) | intuitive thought substage |
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| 7 | |
In the United States, what is (are) the main cause(s) of death in children 1 through 4 years of age? |
| | A) | influenza and pneumonia |
| | B) | diseases of the heart |
| | C) | congenital malformations |
| | D) | accidents |
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| 8 | |
__________ is the focusing of attention on one characteristic of an object or situation to the exclusion of all others. |
| | A) | Egocentrism |
| | B) | Animism |
| | C) | Operation |
| | D) | Centration |
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| 9 | |
__________ is the awareness that altering an object's appearance does not change its basic properties. |
| | A) | Conservation |
| | B) | Irreversibility |
| | C) | Zone of proximal development |
| | D) | Scaffolding |
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| 10 | |
__________ is Vygotsky's term suggesting that, over the course of a teaching session, the teacher should change the level of support given, to fit the student's performance level. |
| | A) | Theory of mind |
| | B) | Zone of proximal development |
| | C) | Scaffolding |
| | D) | Social construction |
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| 11 | |
Both Vygotsky and Piaget suggested that: |
| | A) | education plays a central role in helping children learn the tools of the culture. |
| | B) | language plays a minimal role in cognitive development. |
| | C) | knowledge is socially constructed. |
| | D) | teachers should be facilitators and guides rather than directors. |
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| 12 | |
Regarding information processing in early childhood, which of the following statements is TRUE? |
| | A) | The child's attention dramatically improves, including an ability to attend to relevant, nonsalient features in performing a task. |
| | B) | Children are unable to be led into developing false memories. |
| | C) | Significant improvements occur in short-term memory. |
| | D) | Young children use strategies for remembering information. |
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| 13 | |
Shakira understands the difference between believing and fantasizing and between intention and purpose. Which feature of the theory of mind does her understanding reflect? |
| | A) | The mind actively interprets reality and emotions. |
| | B) | The mind can represent objects and events accurately or inaccurately. |
| | C) | The mind has connections to the physical world. |
| | D) | The mind exists. |
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| 14 | |
Jean Berko: |
| | A) | is a physician who crafted a revolutionary approach to early childhood education. |
| | B) | identified the zone of proximal development. |
| | C) | conducted a classic experiment demonstrating that children understand morphological rules. |
| | D) | is a child developmentalist who suggested that parents who are competent, dedicated, and possess the time and energy can provide the basic ingredients of early childhood education at home. |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following is NOT a component of a child-centered kindergarten? |
| | A) | emphasis on individual variation |
| | B) | emphasis on what is learned |
| | C) | focus on the importance of play |
| | D) | emphasis on the process, rather than the outcome, of learning |
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| 16 | |
Early-childhood programs that make use of abstract paper-and-pencil activities with large groups of children are __________ and __________. |
| | A) | age appropriate; individual appropriate |
| | B) | age appropriate; individual inappropriate |
| | C) | age inappropriate; individual appropriate |
| | D) | age inappropriate; individual inappropriate |
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| 17 | |
__________ is a compensatory education program designed to provide children from low-income families with the opportunity to acquire important school success skills. |
| | A) | The Montessori approach |
| | B) | Project Head Start |
| | C) | Project Follow Through |
| | D) | NAEYC |
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