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| 1 | |
Erikson's stage for children in early childhood is: |
| | A) | industry versus inferiority. |
| | B) | initiative versus guilt. |
| | C) | identity versus identity confusion. |
| | D) | intimacy versus isolation. |
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| 2 | |
In early childhood, children tend to think of themselves in terms of a(n) __________ self. |
| | A) | physical |
| | B) | active |
| | C) | abstract |
| | D) | physical and active |
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| 3 | |
Between 2 and 4 years of age, children are learning: |
| | A) | how to reflect on emotions |
| | B) | the cause and consequences of feelings |
| | C) | that the same event may cause different feelings in different people |
| | D) | that they need to manage their emotions to meet social standards |
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| 4 | |
__________ is Piaget's first stage of moral development in which rules are conceived of as unchangeable properties of the world. |
| | A) | Empathy |
| | B) | Imminent justice |
| | C) | Heteronomous morality |
| | D) | Autonomous morality |
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| 5 | |
__________ is a set of expectations that prescribe how females or males should think, act, and feel. |
| | A) | Gender |
| | B) | Gender role |
| | C) | Gender identity |
| | D) | Gender morality |
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| 6 | |
Which statement best describes the explanation given by the social cognitive theory of gender? |
| | A) | An individual's attention and behavior are guided by an internal motivation to conform to cultural schemas that set out gender-based standards and stereotypes. |
| | B) | Children's gender typing occurs after they have developed a concept of gender, at which point they organize their worlds on the basis of gender. |
| | C) | Children learn expected gender behaviors through rewards and punishments, as well as through observation and imitation of models. |
| | D) | Identification with the same-sex parent, as well as incorporation of gender behavior similar to that expressed by the parent, results after resolution of the Oedipal conflict. |
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| 7 | |
__________ parenting involves a restrictive, punitive style in which parents expect children to obey their rules without many questions. |
| | A) | Aloof |
| | B) | Neglectful |
| | C) | Authoritative |
| | D) | Authoritarian |
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| 8 | |
Diana Baumrind's research suggests that parenting which is __________ and __________ leads to the best outcomes for children. |
| | A) | accepting; demanding |
| | B) | accepting; undemanding |
| | C) | rejecting; demanding |
| | D) | rejecting; undemanding |
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| 9 | |
Regarding child maltreatment, which of the following statements is TRUE? |
| | A) | About one-third of parents who were abused themselves as children abuse their own children. |
| | B) | Child abuse does not place the child at risk for a number of different developmental problems. |
| | C) | The majority of maltreated children suffer life-threatening and/or disabling injuries. |
| | D) | Parents who abuse their children rarely come from families where physical punishment was used. |
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| 10 | |
Which is the INCORRECT statement concerning siblings? |
| | A) | Children interact more positively and in more varied ways with their siblings than with their parents. |
| | B) | Children can obtain emotional support from their siblings. |
| | C) | Children interact more positively and in more varied ways with their parents than with their siblings. |
| | D) | Siblings may be a stronger socializing influence on the child than their parents are. |
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| 11 | |
Regarding the changing family, which of these statements is TRUE? |
| | A) | A common experience of working parents is not feeling guilty about being away from their children. |
| | B) | Most researchers agree that children from divorced families show adjustment problems to a greater extent than do children from nondivorced families. |
| | C) | Research suggests that there are long-term negative effects on children when their mothers work outside the home. |
| | D) | Disengagement from the family is higher among girls than boys in divorced families. |
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| 12 | |
Regarding cultural, ethnic, and socioeconomic variation in families, which of the following statements is TRUE? |
| | A) | The most common parenting style around the world is authoritarian. |
| | B) | African American and Latino children are more likely than white American children are to live in small families. |
| | C) | High-income families use discipline that emphasizes externalization, whereas low-income families emphasize internalization. |
| | D) | African American and Latino children interact with extended family more than white American children do. |
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| 13 | |
Peers are important in normal social development, for all of the following statements, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | they serve as powerful socialization agents. |
| | B) | those children who are accepted by their peers are likely to suffer fewer developmental problems. |
| | C) | they provide a source of information and comparison about the world outside the family. |
| | D) | Peers do not provide much feedback about a child's abilities, causing less shame. |
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| 14 | |
Regarding play, which of the following statements is TRUE? |
| | A) | Play is not essential to a young child's health. |
| | B) | Play therapy is not successful in analyzing a child's conflicts and helping with coping with them. |
| | C) | Vygotsky deemphasized the role of play in cognitive development, whereas Piaget emphasized it. |
| | D) | Play is an important context for cognitive development. |
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| 15 | |
__________ play involves the repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned. |
| | A) | Sensorimotor |
| | B) | Practice |
| | C) | Symbolic |
| | D) | Constructive |
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| 16 | |
The highest incidence of game playing occurs: |
| | A) | in the preschool years. |
| | B) | between ages 10 and 12. |
| | C) | between ages 12 and 15. |
| | D) | at no particular age; there are no age differences in the playing of games. |
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| 17 | |
Regarding children and television, the following statement is TRUE: |
| | A) | Television violence can induce aggression in children. |
| | B) | Prosocial behaviors on television are associated with increased negative behavior in children. |
| | C) | Children watch only moderate amounts of television. |
| | D) | Television viewing is positively related to children's creativity skills. |
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| 18 | |
In which of the following countries do children watch the most television? |
| | A) | the United States |
| | B) | Switzerland |
| | C) | Spain |
| | D) | Canada |
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