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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
The term "risky shift" was used to refer to the finding that
A)groups take bigger risks than individuals.
B)individuals take bigger risks than groups.
C)males tolerate more risk than females.
D)people become averse to risk as they grow older.
2
Studies of the risky shift eventually led to formulation of the
A)social comparison theory.
B)group polarization hypothesis.
C)social-facilitation effect.
D)social-loafing hypothesis.
3
Group polarization is most likely to occur in a group
A)of like-minded people.
B)of unintelligent people.
C)of persons with differing value systems.
D)discussing political issues.
4
Myers and Bishop set up groups of relatively prejudiced and unprejudiced high school students and asked them to respond both before and after discussion to issues involving racial attitudes. Results indicated that after discussion
A)both groups were more prejudiced.
B)both groups were less prejudiced.
C)the individuals who were relatively unprejudiced became even less prejudiced and those who were relatively prejudiced became even more prejudiced.
D)the individuals who were relatively unprejudiced became more prejudiced and the individuals who were relatively prejudiced became less prejudiced.
5
According to your textbook, research provides the best support for which of the following explanations for group polarization?
A)social comparison theory
B)informational influence
C)diffusion of responsibility
D)cognitive dissonance theory
6
An analysis of terrorist organizations around the world suggests that the extremist views of these groups may be understood in terms of the process of
A)social loafing.
B)social facilitation.
C)minority influence.
D)group polarization.
7
Bob went to the neighborhood association meeting somewhat in favor of the new plan for snow removal. Several other people also favored the new plan and presented arguments Bob had never even considered. Bob is now even more strongly in favor of the snow-removal plan, due to
A)social comparison.
B)social loafing.
C)informational influence.
D)evaluation apprehension.
8
Which of the following is a symptom of groupthink?
A)holding realistic views of individual opponents
B)assigning a devil's advocate
C)conformity pressure
D)social loafing
9
Groupthink occurs when individual group members desire
A)control.
B)harmony.
C)power.
D)freedom.
10
Individuals who tend to favor stiff penalties for drunk drivers come together to discuss various ways of dealing with the problem of intoxicated drivers. The group polarization hypothesis predicts that after group discussion,
A)the individuals will favor even more severe penalties for drunk drivers.
B)the individuals will tend to become more tolerant of drunk drivers.
C)the individuals will be divided into two opposing groups as to the best way to deal with drunk drivers.
D)the individuals will favor a rehabilitation program rather than a jail sentence for drunk drivers.
11
Which of the following comments is LEAST likely to be made within a group characterized by groupthink?
A)"Our critics are not very smart."
B)"Our past decisions have always been right."
C)"I think we ought to set a time to review our choices before we implement this plan."
D)"It seems to me we are all in agreement on this, so let's proceed."
12
Evaluating one's opinions and abilities by comparing oneself to others is referred to as
A)informational influence.
B)social comparison.
C)evaluative anxiety.
D)normative influence.
13
Group polarization effects have been found among
A)college students.
B)delinquent gang members.
C)peace activists on the Internet.
D)all of these.
14
Group polarization refers to
A)a division within a group caused by two divergent points of view.
B)a desire for cohesiveness that leads a group to a very poor decision.
C)group-produced enhancement of members' preexisting tendencies.
D)a loss of self-awareness and self-control in group situations that foster anonymity.





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