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| 1 | |
The overconfidence bias can be reduced by |
| | A) | having people study the overconfidence bias. |
| | B) | looking for confirming evidence for one's beliefs. |
| | C) | asking people to make estimates in area where they have little competence. |
| | D) | giving people immediate feedback on the accuracy of their judgments. |
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| 2 | |
Cases of blindsight, in which patients report seeing nothing, yet guess correctly what is in their visual field, illustrate |
| | A) | automatic thinking. |
| | B) | memory reconstruction. |
| | C) | schemas. |
| | D) | self-serving bias. |
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| 3 | |
Research on subliminal stimulation indicates that |
| | A) | commercial subliminal tapes are effective in promoting self-improvement. |
| | B) | people are capable of processing information without any conscious awareness of doing so. |
| | C) | people are incapable of automatic thinking. |
| | D) | schemas guide our perceptions of experience. |
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| 4 | |
Although Roberto had not been on his snowboard for three years, he had no trouble remembering his moves the next time he went snowboarding. This is because some of our skills and dispositions are stored as |
| | A) | analytical hindsight. |
| | B) | subliminal perceptions. |
| | C) | explicit memories. |
| | D) | implicit memories. |
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| 5 | |
Studies of people's memories of their past attitudes indicate that we are likely to |
| | A) | recall mildly pleasant events less favorably when we experienced them. |
| | B) | completely forget all of our unpleasant experiences. |
| | C) | recall out past attitudes as being much closer to out present attitudes than they actually were. |
| | D) | remember past attitudes with remarkable accuracy, regardless of how much those attitudes have changed. |
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| 6 | |
Milly and Sam had a joyful courtship and eventually married. However, after a painful divorce, each remembers their courtship as filled with conflict. Their recollections illustrate |
| | A) | blindsight. |
| | B) | the spacing effect. |
| | C) | the fundamental attribution error. |
| | D) | memory construction. |
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| 7 | |
Although Fred was certain he answered at least 50 items correctly on his history test, he actually was right on only 40 items. Fred's misjudgment illustrates |
| | A) | the self-fulfilling prophecy. |
| | B) | the hindsight bias. |
| | C) | the overconfidence phenomenon. |
| | D) | regression toward the average. |
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| 8 | |
Lydia had some difficulties the first time she went mountain climbing, although she was exhilarated by the view and her accomplishment once her party reach the top of the peak. Six months later, as Lydia is daydreaming about that trip in her office, she is likely recall most vividly |
| | A) | the blisters and cold. |
| | B) | her aching legs. |
| | C) | the thrill of being on the mountaintop. |
| | D) | the nervousness she felt before starting the climb. |
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| 9 | |
All of the following are examples of automatic processing EXCEPT |
| | A) | Chandra dislikes Tanika at first sight. |
| | B) | After fifteen years as a pediatrician, Michelle can instantly tell when one of her patients has an ear infection. |
| | C) | Although she hasn't seen her classmates since graduation, Tammy has no trouble recognizing them at the ten-year reunion. |
| | D) | Linda is trying to decide which new car to buy, so she makes a list of all the features she wants in a car. |
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| 10 | |
Which of these students is most likely to be overconfident about his performance on the upcoming Spanish test? |
| | A) | Brad, who figures he has plenty of time to learn the vocabulary in the two weeks before the test. |
| | B) | Roger, who is walking in to the classroom on the morning of the test. |
| | C) | Wayne, who has been studying hard all semester. |
| | D) | Andrew, who is taking the test right now. |
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| 11 | |
When it finally snows, late in the season, Lilly ignores the warm weeks that have already passed as she tells her friends, "See, I told you it was going to be a cold winter this year." Lilly is demonstrating |
| | A) | the fundamental attribution error. |
| | B) | the confirmation bias. |
| | C) | false uniqueness. |
| | D) | learned helplessness. |
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