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| 1 | |
The behavior, patterns, and beliefs, of a specific group of people that are passed on from one generation to the next is known as |
| | A) | culture. |
| | B) | minority. |
| | C) | ethnicity. |
| | D) | socioeconomic status. |
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| 2 | |
A tendency to favor one's own group over others is called |
| | A) | ethnicity. |
| | B) | socioeconomic status. |
| | C) | culture. |
| | D) | ethnocentrism. |
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| 3 | |
Dr. Mehta's research involves comparing several different cultures with each other to understand the role of culture in adolescent development. In terms of developmental research, Dr. Mehta's research would be considered ____________ studies. |
| | A) | international |
| | B) | transcultural |
| | C) | cross-cultural |
| | D) | cultural |
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| 4 | |
emphasizes values that serve the group by subordinating personal goals to preserve group integrity, interdependence of group members, and harmonious relationships. |
| | A) | Individualism |
| | B) | Group |
| | C) | Collectivism |
| | D) | Communism |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following is a characteristic of collectivistic cultures? |
| | A) | focus on the individual |
| | B) | frequent cognitive dissonance |
| | C) | many casual relationships |
| | D) | the people who are most liked are self-effacing |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following values reflects parents' beliefs in individualistic cultures? |
| | A) | connectedness to the family |
| | B) | orientation to the large group |
| | C) | intrinsic motivation |
| | D) | obedience |
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| 7 | |
When compared to adolescents in other developed countries, U.S. adolescents spend less time |
| | A) | in paid work. |
| | B) | doing homework. |
| | C) | doing hobbies or sports. |
| | D) | participating in discretionary activities. |
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| 8 | |
Rites of passage for adolescents are most likely to be found in |
| | A) | sub-Saharan Africa. |
| | B) | rural areas of the United States. |
| | C) | large cities in the United States. |
| | D) | most Western industrialized countries. |
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| 9 | |
Socioeconomic status, or SES, refers to a grouping of people with all of the following similar characteristics EXCEPT |
| | A) | occupation. |
| | B) | education. |
| | C) | religion. |
| | D) | economic resources. |
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| 10 | |
Family income is a good measure of |
| | A) | ethnicity. |
| | B) | socioeconomic status. |
| | C) | culture. |
| | D) | ethnocentrism. |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following is characteristic of the child rearing practices in lower-SES families? |
| | A) | concern with children developing initiative and delay of gratification |
| | B) | being more conversational with children |
| | C) | children are more nearly equal participants in the family |
| | D) | physical punishment is used more often to discipline children |
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| 12 | |
In 2006, ____________ % of U.S. children under 18 years of age were living in families below the poverty line. |
| | A) | 10 |
| | B) | 12 |
| | C) | 17 |
| | D) | 23 |
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| 13 | |
Because Kwami's family is poor, he is more likely than a child from a middle-SES family to experience all of the following environmental inequities EXCEPT |
| | A) | conflict, violence, instability, and chaos in his home. |
| | B) | less access to television. |
| | C) | low levels of social support. |
| | D) | heavily polluted air and water |
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| 14 | |
All of the following are common reasons for the high poverty rate of single mothers EXCEPT |
| | A) | women's low pay. |
| | B) | infrequent awarding of alimony payments. |
| | C) | poorly enforced child support. |
| | D) | lack of desire to work. |
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| 15 | |
The feminization of poverty refers to |
| | A) | the fact that far more women than men live in poverty. |
| | B) | the fact that women and men are equally represented in poverty. |
| | C) | the fact that women are responsible for their poverty. |
| | D) | the fact that the feminist movement is responsible for poverty. |
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| 16 | |
El Puente is a social program in New York City for |
| | A) | low-income Latino adolescents. |
| | B) | Catholic adolescent girls. |
| | C) | Protestant girls. |
| | D) | English-speaking immigrants from Mexico. |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following is accurate with regard to ethnic issues in the United States today? |
| | A) | Ethnic diversity of adolescents and emerging adults is decreasing. |
| | B) | When working with adolescents and immigrant families, counselors need to be culturally sensitive. |
| | C) | Family obligations are endorsed more by adolescents than by their parents. |
| | D) | The intergenerational value discrepancy decreases over time. |
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| 18 | |
A problem for researchers studying the effects of ethnicity on development is that ethnicity can interact with ____________ in ways that exaggerate the influence of ethnicity. |
| | A) | SES |
| | B) | culture |
| | C) | race |
| | D) | politics |
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| 19 | |
Of the different ethnic groups living in the United States, ____________ are considered to be a "model minority" because of their strong achievement orientation and family cohesiveness. |
| | A) | African Americans |
| | B) | Japanese Americans |
| | C) | Latinos |
| | D) | non-Latino Whites |
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| 20 | |
For most of the 20th century, the differences between ethnic minority groups and non-Latino Whites were conceptualized as |
| | A) | deficits. |
| | B) | diversity. |
| | C) | advantages. |
| | D) | hardships. |
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| 21 | |
When an adolescent has a negative attitude about a person because he or she belongs to a particular group, the adolescent is exhibiting |
| | A) | values. |
| | B) | an opinion. |
| | C) | prejudice. |
| | D) | SES. |
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| 22 | |
Professor Gupta is studying problems of ethnic minorities in the United States. What is she likely to find? |
| | A) | Due to the great number of immigrants who have come to the United States, discrimination has largely disappeared. |
| | B) | Most schools have incorporated curricula that are sensitive to ethnic minority adolescents' learning styles. |
| | C) | Teachers are increasingly appreciating the unique abilities of ethnic minority students. |
| | D) | Discrimination and prejudice continue to be present in the media, interpersonal interactions, and daily conversations. |
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| 23 | |
Of the following groups, which is the most recent to settle in Canada? |
| | A) | the First Nations |
| | B) | the French |
| | C) | Asian immigrants |
| | D) | the British |
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| 24 | |
U.S. adolescents spend approximately ______ hour(s) a day using some form of mass media. |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 4.5 |
| | C) | 6.5 |
| | D) | 8 |
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| 25 | |
When do television and video game playing typically peak? |
| | A) | in the preadolescent years |
| | B) | in early adolescence |
| | C) | in late adolescence |
| | D) | in emerging adulthood |
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| 26 | |
Which of these statements about children and adolescents and TV watching is NOT true? |
| | A) | Violence on TV has been linked to aggressive behavior in young adults. |
| | B) | The more children and adolescents watch TV the lower their school achievement is. |
| | C) | Watching TV sex influences adolescents' sexual attitudes and behavior. |
| | D) | The amount of time that adolescents watch TV has no effect on their academic achievement. |
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| 27 | |
Jeff is a typical adolescent who spends much of his time playing violent vide games. We would expect to see all of the following as a result of his video game activities EXCEPT |
| | A) | he experiences an altered state of consciousness while playing. |
| | B) | he will develop greater sensitivity to real-life violence. |
| | C) | his grades will be lower than his peers who spend less time playing the games. |
| | D) | his visuospatial skills will improve. |
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| 28 | |
Television has been criticized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT |
| | A) | being linked to a greater incidence of obesity. |
| | B) | lower achievement in school. |
| | C) | creating passive learners. |
| | D) | improving the leisure activities of adolescents. |
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| 29 | |
A specific concern that has recently emerged about children and adolescents using the Internet is that |
| | A) | they spend too much time on the internet and not enough time doing their homework. |
| | B) | the Internet can cause vulnerable adolescents to become antisocial. |
| | C) | they can access inappropriate information. |
| | D) | information is too hard to find. |
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| 30 | |
Recent research analyzing the content of online adolescent chatrooms found that ____________ were the most self-disclosing about personal information. |
| | A) | 10-13-year-olds |
| | B) | 13-15-year-olds |
| | C) | 15-18-year-olds |
| | D) | 18-24-year-olds |
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