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English Glossary (thyrotoxicosis through zygomatic)
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thyrotoxicosis [THI-ro-t8k-s7-KO-s7s]  Overactivity of the thyroid gland.
thyroxine [thi-R3K-s6n, -s7n]  Compound found in or manufactured for thyroid gland; helps regulate metabolism.
tibia [T2B-e-å] {tibia}  Larger of the two lower leg bones.
tic {tic}  Twitching movement that accompanies some neurological disorders.
tine [tin] test, TB tine  Screening test for tuberculosis in which a small dose of tuberculin is injected into a series of sites within a small space with a tine (instrument that punctures the surface of the skin).
tinea [T2N-e-å] {tiña}  Fungal infection; ringworm.
Tinel's [t7-N1LZ] sign  "Pins and needles" sensation felt when an injured nerve site is tapped.
tinnitus [t7-NI-t9s, T2-n7-t9s] {tinnitus}  Constant ringing or buzzing in the ear.
tissue [T2SH-u]  Any group of cells that work together to perform a single function.
tissue-type plasminogen [plåz-M2N-o-j6n] activator (tPA,TPA)  Agent that prevents a thrombus from forming.
T lymphocytes  See T cells.
TNM system  Tumor, node, metastasis system of categorizing tumors.
tocolytic [t8-ko-L2T-7k] agent  Hormone given to stop labor.
tomography [to-M3G-rå-f6]  Type of imaging that produces three-dimensional images.
tongue [t9ng] {lengua}  Fleshy part of the mouth that moves food during mastication.
tonic-clonic seizure  Severe epileptic seizure accompanied by convulsions, twitching, and loss of consciousness.
tonometry [to-N3M-6-tre] {tonometría}  Measurement of tension or pressure within the eye.
tonsillectomy [T3N-s7-L1K-to-me] {tonsilectomía}  Removal of the tonsils.
tonsillitis [T3N-s7-LI-t7s] {tonsillitis}  Inflammation of the tonsils.
topical anesthetic  Anesthetic applied to the surface of the skin.
topically [T3P-7-cål-le]  On the surface of the skin.
touch {tacto}  Ability to perceive sensation on the skin.
Tourette [tu-R1T] syndrome  Neurological disorder that causes uncontrollable speech sounds and tics.
toxicology [t8k-s7-K3L-o-je] {toxicología}  Study of harmful effects of drugs.
trabeculectomy [trå-B1K-yu-L1K-to-me]  Removal of part of the trabeculum to allow aqueous humor to flow freely around the eye.
tracer study  Image that traces the passage of a radiopharmaceutical through an organ or tissue.
trachea [TRA-ke-å] {tráquea}  Airway from the larynx into the bronchi; windpipe.
tracheitis [tra-ke-I-t7s]  Inflammation of the trachea.
tracheoplasty [TRA-ke-o-PL0S-te] {traqueoplastia}  Repair of the trachea.
tracheostomy [TRA-ke-3S-to-me] {traqueostomía}  Creation of an artificial opening in the trachea.
tracheotomy [tra-ke-3T-o-me] {traqueotomia}  Incision into the trachea.
traction [TR0K-sh9n] {tracción}  Dragging or pulling or straightening of something, as a limb, by attachment of elastic or other devices.
trade name  Name copyrighted by the manufacturer for a particular version of a drug.
traditional Chinese medicine  Various practices that promote balance between yin and yang to promote and maintain health.
tranquilizer [TR0NG-kw7-li-z6r]  Medication used to relieve anxiety.
transcranial sonogram [tråns-KRA-ne-ål S3N-o-gråm]  Brain images produced by the use of sound waves.
transfusion [tråns-FYU-zh9n] {transfusión}  Injection of donor blood into a person needing blood.
transient ischemic [7s-KE-m7k] attack  Short neurological incident usually not resulting in permanent injury, but usually signaling that a larger stroke may occur.
transverse plane  Imaginary line that intersects the body horizontally.
transverse process  Protrusion on either side of the vertebral arch.
tremor [TR1M-or] {tremblor}  Abnormal, repetitive muscle contractions.
trephination, trepanation [tr6f-7-NA-sh9n, tr6p-å-NA-sh9n]  Circular incision into the skull.
trichiasis [tr7-KI-å-s7s]  Abnormal growth of eyelashes in a direction that causes them to rub on the eye.
tricuspid [tri-K4S-p7d] valve  Atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart.
tricuspid stenosis  Abnormal narrowing of the opening of the tricuspid valve.
triglyceride [tri-GL2S-6r-id] {triglicérido}  Fatty substance; lipid.
trigone [TRI-gon] {trígono}  Triangular area at the base of the bladder through which the ureters enter and the urethra exits the bladder.
triiodothyronine [tri-I-o-do-THI-ro-nen]  (T3) Thyroid hormone that stimulates growth.
trochanter [tro-K0N-t6r] {trocánter}  Bony protrusion at the upper end of the femur.
true ribs  Seven upper ribs of the chest that attach to the sternum.
tubercle [TU-b6r-kl] {tubérculo}  Slight bony elevation to which a ligament or muscle may be attached.
tuberculosis [tu-b6r-kyu-LO-s7s] {tuberculosis}  Acute infectious disease caused by bacteria called bacilli.
tuberosity [TU-b6r-3S-7-te] {tuberosidad}  Large elevation in the surface of a bone.
tumor [TU-mor] {tumor}  Any mass of tissue; swelling; growth made up of cells that reproduce abnormally.
tylectomy  Surgical removal of a localized tumor.
tympanic [t7m-P0N-7k] membrane  Eardrum.
tympanitis [t7m-på-NI-t7s]  Inflammation of the eardrum.
tympanoplasty [T2M-på-no-plås-te]  Repair of an eardrum.
Type I diabetes  Endocrine disorder with abnormally low levels of insulin; also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
Type II diabetes  Disease caused by failure of the body to recognize insulin that is present or by an abnormally low level of insulin; also known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM); usually adult onset.
ulcer [4L-s6r] {úlcera}  Open lesion, usually with superficial loss of tissue.
ulcerating [4L-s6r-a-t7ng]  Having open wounds.
ulcerative colitis [ko-LI-t7s]  Inflammation of the colon with ulcers.
ulna [4L-nå] {ulna}  Larger bone of the forearm.
ultrasonography [4L-trå-so-N3G-rå-fe]  Use of sound waves to produce images of the interior of a body.
ultrasound [4L-trå-s8wnd]  Image resulting from ultrasonography; produced by sound waves.
ultraviolet [9l-trå-VI-o-l6t] light  Artificial sunlight used to treat some skin lesions.
umbilical [9m-B2L-7-kål] cord  Cord that connects the placenta in the mother's uterus to the navel of the fetus during gestation for nourishment of the fetus.
umbilical [9m-B2L-7-kål] region  Area of the body surrounding the umbilicus.
undiffferentiated [4N-d7f-6r-1N-she-a-t6d]  Lacking a defined cell structure.
upper respiratory infection  Infection of all or part of upper portion of respiratory tract.
uptake [9p-TAK]  Speed of absorption of a radio-pharmaceutical by a particular organ or body part.
urea [yu-RE-å] {urea}  Waste product of nitrogen metabolism excreted in normal adult urine.
uremia [yu-RE-me-å] {uremia}  Excess of urea and other wastes in the blood.
ureter [yu-RE-t6r] {uréter}  One of two tubes that conducts urine from the kidney to the bladder.
ureterectomy [yu-re-t6r-1K-to-me]  Surgical removal of all or some of a ureter.
ureteroplasty [yu-RE-t6r-o-plås-te]  Surgical repair of a ureter.
ureterorrhaphy [yu-re-t6r-OR-å-fe]  Suturing of a ureter.
urethra [yu-RE-thrå] {uretra}  Tube through which urine is transported from the bladder to the exterior of the body.
urethrogram [yu-RE-thro-gråm]  X-ray of the urethra and prostate.
urethropexy [yu-RE-thro-p6x-e]  Surgical fixing of the urethra.
urethroplasty [yu-RE-thro-plås-te]  Surgical repair of the urethra.
urethrorrhaphy [yu-re-THROR-å-fe]  Suturing of the urethra.
urethrostomy [yu-re-THR3S-to-me]  Establishment of an opening between the urethra and the exterior of the body.
urethrotomy [yu-re-THR3T-o-me]  Surgical incision of a narrowing in the urethra.
uric [YUR-7k] acid  Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine.
uric [YUR-7k] acid test  Test for acid content in urine; elevated levels may indicate gout.
urinalysis [yu-r7-N0L-7-s7s] {análisis de orina}  Examination of the properties of urine.
urinary [YUR-7-nar-e] bladder  See bladder.
urinary [YUR-7-nar-e] system  Body system that includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra and helps maintain homeostasis by removing fluid and dissolved waste; body system that forms and excretes urine and helps in the reabsorption of essential substances.
urinary tract infection (UTI)  Infection of the urinary tract.
urine [YUR-7n] {orina}  Fluid excreted by the urinary system.
urine sugar  Test for diabetes; determined by presence of ketones or sugar in urine.
urology [yu-R3L-o-je] {urología}  Medical specialty that diagnoses and treats the urinary system and the male reproductive system.
urostomy [yu-R3S-to-me]  Establishment of an opening in the abdomen to the exterior of the body for the release of urine.
urticaria [4R-t7-K0R-e-å] {urticaria}  Group of reddish wheals, usually accompanied by pruritus and often caused by an allergy.
uterine [YU-t6r-7n] tube  One of two tubes through which ova travel from an ovary to the uterus.
uterus [YU-t6r-9s] {útero}  Female reproductive organ; site of implantation after fertilization or release of the lining during menstruation.
uvea [YU-ve-å] {úvea}  Region of the eye containing the iris, choroid membrane, and ciliary bodies.
uvula [YU-vyu-lå] {uvula}  Cone-shaped projection hanging down from soft palate.
vaccination [V0K-s7-NA-sh9n] {vacunación}  Injection of an antigen from a different organism to cause active immunity.
vaccine [V0K-sen] {vacuna}  Antigen developed from a different organism that causes active immunity in the recipient.
vagina [vå-JI-nå] {vagina}  Genital canal leading from the uterus to the vulva.
vaginitis [våj-7-NI-t7s] {vaginitis}  Inflammation of the vagina.
vagotomy [vå-G3T-o-me]  Surgical cutting off of the vagus nerve.
valve [vålv] {válvula}  Any of various structures that slow or prevent fluid from flowing backward or forward.
valve replacement  Surgical replacement of a coronary valve.
valvotomy [vål-V3T-o-me]  Incision into a cardiac valve to remove an obstruction.
valvulitis [vål-vyu-LI-t7s] {valvulitis}  Inflammation of a heart valve.
valvuloplasty [V0L-vyu-lo-PL0S-te] {valvuloplastia}  Surgical reconstruction of a cardiac valve.
varicella [vår-7-S1L-å] {varicela}  Contagious skin disease, usually occurring during childhood, and often accompanied by the formation of pustules; chicken pox.
varicocele [V0R-7-ko-sel] {varicocele}  Enlargement of veins of the spermatic cord.
varicose [V0R-7-kos] vein  Dilated, enlarged, or twisted vein, usually on the leg.
vas deferens [vås D1F-6r-6ns]  Narrow tube through which sperm leave the epididymis and travel to the seminal vesicles and into the urethra.
vascular [V0S-kyu-lår] lesion  Lesion in a blood vessel that shows through the skin.
vasectomy [va-S1K-to-m6] {vasectomía}  Removal of part of the vas deferens to prevent conception.
vasoconstrictor [VA-so-k8n-STR2K-tor]  Agent that narrows the blood vessels.
vasodilator [VA-so-di-LA-tor]  Agent that dilates or widens the blood vessels.
vasopressin [va-so-PR1S-7n]  Hormone secreted by pituitary gland; raises blood pressure.
vasovasostomy [VA-so-vå-S3S-to-me] {vasovasostomía}  Reversal of a vasectomy.
vegetation [v6j-6-TA-sh9n] {vegetación}  Clot on a heart valve or opening, usually caused by infection.
vein [van] {vena}  Any of various blood vessels carrying deoxygenated blood toward the heart, except the pulmonary vein.
vena cava (pl., venae cavae) [VE-nå K0-vå (VE-nå K0-ve)]  See superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.
venipuncture [V1N-7-p9nk-ch9r, VE-n7-p9nk-chur]{venipuntura}  Small puncture into a vein, usually to draw blood or inject a solution; insertion of a needle into a vein, usually for the purpose of extracting a blood sample.
venography [ve-N3G-rå-fe] {venografía}  Viewing of a vein by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium.
ventilators [V1N-t7-la-torz]  Mechanical breathing devices.
ventral [V1N-trål]  At or toward the front (of the body).
ventral [V1N-trål] cavity  Major cavity in the front of the body containing the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.
ventral thalamus  One of the four parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station.
ventricle [V1N-tr7-kl] {ventrículo}  1. Either of the two lower chambers of the heart. 2. Cavity in the brain for cerebrospinal fluid.
ventriculogram [v6n-TR2K-yu-lo-gråm]  X-ray of a ventricle taken after injection of a contrast medium.
venule [V1N-yul, VE-nul] {vénula}  A tiny vein connecting to a capillary.
verruca (pl., verrucae) [v6-RU-kå (v6-RU-ke)]  Flesh-colored growth, sometimes caused by a virus; wart.
verrucous [v6-RU-kos] {verruga}  Wartlike in appearance.
vertebra (pl., vertebrae) [V1R-t6-brå (V1R-t6-bre)] {vertebra, pl., vertebras}  One of the bony segments of the spinal column.
vertebral body  Main portion of the vertebra, separate from the arches of the vertebra.
vertebral column  Spinal column.
vertigo [V1R-t7-go, v6r-T2-go] {vértigo}  Dizziness.
vesicle [V1S-7-kl] {vesicular}  Small, raised sac on the skin containing fluid.
vestibule [V1S-t7-bul] {vestíbulo}  Bony chamber between the semicircular canal and the cochlea.
vial [VI-ål] {vial}  A small receptacle for holding liquid or pill medications.
villus (pl., villi) [V2L-9s (V2L-i)] {vellosidad}  Tiny, fingerlike projection on the lining of the small intestine with capillaries through which digested nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream and lymphatic system.
viral meningitis  Meningitis caused by a virus and not as severe as pyrogenic meningitis.
virilism [V2R-7-l7zm] {virilismo}  Condition with excessive androgen production, often resulting in the appearance of mature male characteristics in young.
visceral [V2S-6r-ål] muscle  Smooth muscle.
visceral pleura [V2S-6r-ål PLUR-å]  Inner layer of the pleura.
vitamin [VIT-å-m7n] {vitamina}  Organic substance found in food.
vitamin D  Vitamin important to the formation of bone.
vitiligo [v7t-7-LI-go] {vitiligo}  Condition in which white patches appear on otherwise normally pigmented skin.
vocal cords  Strips of epithelial tissue that vibrate and play a major role in the production of sound.
voice box  See larynx.
voiding (urinating) cystourethrogram [s7s-to-yu-RE-thro-gråm] (VCU, VCUG)  X-ray image made after introduction of a contrast medium and while urination is taking place.
voluntary muscle  Striated muscle.
volvulus [V3L-vyu-lus] {vólvulo}  Intestinal blockage caused by the intestine twisting on itself.
vomer [VO-m6r] {vómer}  Flat bone forming the nasal septum.
von Willebrand's [v8n W2L-l6-bråndz] disease  Hemorrhagic disorder with tendency to bleed from mucous membranes.
vulva [V4L-vå] {vulva}  External female genitalia.
wart [wort] {varruga}  See verruca.
Western blot  Test primarily used to check for antibodies to HIV in serum.
wheal [hwel] {roncha}  Itchy patch of raised skin.
wheezes [HWEZ-6z] {sibilancias}  Whistling sounds heard on inspiration in certain breathing disorders, especially asthma.
white blood cell  One of the solid parts of blood from stem cells that plays a role in defense against disease; leukocyte.
whitehead [WHIT-h6d] {punto blanco}  Closed comedo that does not contain the dark bacteria present in blackheads.
whooping cough [HO3P-7ng kåwf]  See pertussis.
Wilms' tumor  Malignant kidney tumor found primarily in young children; nephroblastoma.
windpipe  See trachea.
xenograft [Z1N-o-gråft] {xenoinjerto}  See heterograft.
x-ray [6ks-ra]  High-energy particles of radiation from the interior of a substance.
zygomatic [ZI-go-M0T-7k]  bone Bone that forms the cheek.







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