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1 | |
Fish nets were in use as early as the time of the: |
| | A) | Greeks. |
| | B) | Romans. |
| | C) | Egyptians. |
| | D) | Polynesians. |
| | E) | Vikings. |
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2 | |
The first recorded voyage by sea occurred around: |
| | A) | 3200 B.C. |
| | B) | 2500 B.C. |
| | C) | 1200 B.C. |
| | D) | 640 B.C. |
| | E) | A.D. 80 |
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3 | |
The _____________ are known to have a navy, circumnavigate Africa, and traveled to British Islands. |
| | A) | Vikings |
| | B) | Romans |
| | C) | Greeks |
| | D) | Polynesians |
| | E) | Phoenicians |
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4 | |
The Polynesians are thought to have navigated across the Pacific using: |
| | A) | a star compass. |
| | B) | changes in wave patterns. |
| | C) | observations of cloud formations. |
| | D) | their sense of smell. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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5 | |
The circumference of the world was first accurately calculated by: |
| | A) | Aristotle. |
| | B) | Ptolemy. |
| | C) | Herodotus. |
| | D) | Eratosthenes. |
| | E) | Seneca. |
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6 | |
The _______ were highly accomplished seamen who engaged in extensive exploration, trade, and colonization in the North Atlantic from about 793 to 1066. |
| | A) | Polynesians |
| | B) | Vikings |
| | C) | Europeans |
| | D) | Portuguese |
| | E) | Spanish |
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7 | |
Chinese exploration of the Pacific and Indian Oceans ended in 1433, beginning a 400-year period of isolation, because: |
| | A) | land routes were more economical for trade. |
| | B) | a season of severe storms destroyed most of their fleet. |
| | C) | they believed that other societies had little to offer them. |
| | D) | the Polynesians blocked passage of their ships. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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8 | |
The individual most responsible for the great age of European discovery beginning early in the 15th century was: |
| | A) | Christopher Columbus. |
| | B) | Ferdinand Magellan. |
| | C) | Sir Martin Frobisher. |
| | D) | Amerigo Vespucci. |
| | E) | Prince Henry the Navigator. |
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9 | |
Christopher Columbus believed he had reached islands off the coast of Asia when he arrived in the New World because: |
| | A) | his estimate of the Earth's circumference was much too small. |
| | B) | the northeast trade winds were much stronger than he expected. |
| | C) | the north equatorial current was far slower than he expected. |
| | D) | his maps showed North America south of the equator. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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10 | |
The explorer who tried to find a northwest passage across the Canadian Arctic was: |
| | A) | Sir Martin Frobisher. |
| | B) | Henry Hudson. |
| | C) | William Baffin. |
| | D) | all of the above |
| | E) | none of the above |
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11 | |
The first European to sight the Pacific Ocean was: |
| | A) | Vasco Nunez de Balboa. |
| | B) | Christopher Columbus. |
| | C) | Ferdinand Magellan. |
| | D) | Amerigo Vespucci. |
| | E) | Vasco da Gama. |
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12 | |
The first European to discover Florida and the Florida Current was: |
| | A) | Christopher Columbus. |
| | B) | Vasco da Gama. |
| | C) | Juan Ponce de Leon. |
| | D) | Bartholomeu Dias. |
| | E) | Ferdinand Magellan. |
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13 | |
The first world atlas was produced by: |
| | A) | Aristotle. |
| | B) | Ptolemy. |
| | C) | Pliny the Elder. |
| | D) | Eratosthenes. |
| | E) | Seneca. |
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14 | |
The first chronometer accurate at sea was made by: |
| | A) | James Cook. |
| | B) | Edward Forbes. |
| | C) | John Harrison. |
| | D) | Benjamin Franklin. |
| | E) | Copernicus. |
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15 | |
The individual credited with charting the Pacific Ocean is: |
| | A) | Charles Thompson. |
| | B) | James Cook. |
| | C) | Charles Darwin. |
| | D) | Edward Forbes. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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16 | |
The easiest way to map the Gulf Stream is by: |
| | A) | water temperature. |
| | B) | water salinity. |
| | C) | water density. |
| | D) | turbidity. |
| | E) | vorticity. |
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17 | |
We remember the work of Charles Darwin in oceanography primarily because of his study of: |
| | A) | marine reptiles. |
| | B) | evolution. |
| | C) | finches. |
| | D) | coral reefs. |
| | E) | surface currents. |
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18 | |
The Challenger expedition was charged with investigating: |
| | A) | the chemistry of sea water. |
| | B) | marine biology. |
| | C) | water depths. |
| | D) | water currents. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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19 | |
Satellites can be used to measure: |
| | A) | biological productivity. |
| | B) | sea surface temperature. |
| | C) | wave height. |
| | D) | sea surface elevation. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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20 | |
The drilling ship of the Ocean Drilling Program is the: |
| | A) | Glomar Challenger. |
| | B) | JOIDES Resolution. |
| | C) | Beagle. |
| | D) | Resolution. |
| | E) | Melville. |
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21 | |
In 1899 John Joly suggested that the oceans were between 90 and 100 million years old based on the mass of salt in the ocean. This was a major underestimate because of all of the following EXCEPT: |
| | A) | Responses: |
| | B) | He did not account for salt being recycled |
| | C) | He underestimated the amount of salt in the ocean |
| | D) | He did not account for salt being incorporated into seafloor sediments |
| | E) | He did not account for marine salt deposits |
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22 | |
The primary value of the Challenger Expedition to the study of Oceanography was: |
| | A) | The finding that life within the ocean exists at all depths |
| | B) | Confirmation that the main dissolved elements in sea water are in constant proportion |
| | C) | Depth soundings that enable more complete maps of ocean depth |
| | D) | Sea water samples of temperature and water motion at depth |
| | E) | All of the above benefited the study of oceanography |
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23 | |
Oceanography is considered an interdisciplinary science because: |
| | A) | the early explorers had broader educational backgrounds than the current scientists. |
| | B) | to understand oceanography requires understanding of complex interactions among the biological, chemical, physical, geological, and atmospheric elements of the ocean realm. |
| | C) | funding for oceanographic research is provided by many different nations each of which have different ideas about the discipline. |
| | D) | It is not actually interdisciplinary. |
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2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education