Multiple Choice Quiz

1		The purpose of a swim bladder is to:
			A)	expel waste material.
			B)	store food resources.
			C)	balance osmotic pressure.
			D)	provide neutral buoyancy.
			E)	create negative buoyancy.
2		Marine fish:
			A)	must expend energy to prevent dehydration.
			B)	drink seawater to maintain their fluid balance.
			C)	expel large volumes of urine.
			D)	A and B
			E)	A, B, and C
3		Organisms that live in cold water generally ______ compared to similar organisms that live in warm water.
			A)	grow more slowly
			B)	live longer
			C)	attain larger size
			D)	have slower metabolic rates
			E)	all of the above
4		Deep-living organisms such as worms, crustaceans, and sea cucumbers are unaffected by pressure because they:
			A)	have unusually strong skeletons.
			B)	lack lungs and gas-filled cavities.
			C)	have extremely flexible bodies.
			D)	store gases at very high pressure.
			E)	Both A and C are correct.
5		Which of the following is (are) required by marine plants for growth?
			A)	nitrate
			B)	halide
			C)	sulphide
			D)	phosphate
			E)	Both A and D are correct.
6		Marine organisms achieve nearly neutral buoyancy by:
			A)	secreting gas into floats.
			B)	storing fat.
			C)	creating low density body fluids.
			D)	storing oil.
			E)	all the above
7		Fish that have fat-filled swim bladders generally:
			A)	live near the surface.
			B)	live at great depths.
			C)	do not migrate vertically in the water.
			D)	can migrate vertically.
			E)	B and D
8		Most marine fish have body fluids with a salt concentration:
			A)	about halfway between fresh water and sea water.
			B)	nearly the same as sea water.
			C)	nearly the same as fresh water.
			D)	slightly greater than sea water.
			E)	none of the above
9		The migration of water molecules from solutions with a high concentration of water to solutions with a low concentration of water is called:
			A)	catalysis.
			B)	salinization.
			C)	osmosis.
			D)	effusion.
			E)	diffusion.
10		Marine organisms that have mechanisms to regulate their body temperature are called:
			A)	ectotherms.
			B)	endotherms.
			C)	regulotherms.
			D)	isotherms.
			E)	none of the above
11		Sperm whales can dive to depths as great as _____ m.
			A)	4000
			B)	3000
			C)	2000
			D)	1000
			E)	500
12		The bends are caused by _______ gas bubbles forming in the blood.
			A)	oxygen
			B)	helium
			C)	carbon dioxide
			D)	nitrogen
			E)	hydrogen
13		The high concentration of myoglobin in marine mammals and birds allows them to:
			A)	withstand large changes in temperature.
			B)	remain underwater for long periods of time.
			C)	reduce the effects of osmotic pressure.
			D)	withstand large changes in salinity.
			E)	none of the above
14		Plant life is restricted to the _____ zone.
			A)	photic
			B)	aphotic
			C)	pelagic
			D)	benthic
			E)	abyssal
15		Carbon dioxide is:
			A)	consumed by plants during photosynthesis.
			B)	produced by animals during respiration.
			C)	consumed by animals and plants during decomposition.
			D)	all the above
			E)	A and B above
16		The depth of the photic zone is about ______ meters in clear ocean water.
			A)	50
			B)	100
			C)	150
			D)	200
			E)	250
17		Many mid-depth or deep-water fish have light-producing organs called ________.
			A)	luciferase
			B)	photophores
			C)	luciferin
			D)	illuminores
			E)	solariphores
18		Countershading is most frequently found in fish that inhabit:
			A)	the deep ocean.
			B)	clear waters of the tropics.
			C)	the surface in well-lighted water.
			D)	very turbid coastal water.
			E)	none of the above
19		The environmental zone that consists of the water column between depths of 200 m and 1000 m is called the ________ zone.
			A)	mesopelagic
			B)	epipelagic
			C)	hadal
			D)	abyssopelagic
			E)	bathypelagic
20		The environmental zone that consists of the seafloor below a depth of 6000 m is called the ________ zone.
			A)	benthic
			B)	subtidal
			C)	abyssal
			D)	hadal
			E)	littoral
21		Autotrophs are said to occupy the base of the food chain
			A)	because they generate organic compounds from inorganic nonliving matter.
			B)	because they consume heterotrophic organisms.
			C)	because they use oxygen to oxidize inorganic matter to produce energy
			D)	because they generate carbon dioxide
22		From shallowest to deepest, the zones of the oceanic zone are arranged in the following way:
			A)	epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, abyssopelagic
			B)	mesopelagic, epipelagic, bathypelagic, abyssopelagic
			C)	abyssopelagic, epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic
			D)	abyssopelagic, mesopelagic, epipelagic, bathypelagic
23		Arrange the benthic zones from coastline to deep ocean:
			A)	bathyl zone, sublittoral zone, littoral zone, abyssal zone
			B)	sublittoral zone, littoral zone, bathyl zone, abyssal zone
			C)	littoral zone, sublittoral zone, bathyl zone, abyssal zone
			D)	littoral zone, sublittoral zone, abyssal zone, bathyl zone
24		A heterotrophic floating organism is:
			A)	phytoplankton
			B)	bacterioplankton
			C)	zooplankton
			D)	nekton
25		Which of the following is not thought to be a use of bioluminescence?
			A)	to attract prey
			B)	to distract predators
			C)	to blend into the environment
			D)	to attract predators
26		Which of the following is not an adaptation of salt water fish to the environment in which they live having a higher salinity than their bodies?
			A)	They constantly drink water.
			B)	They excrete salt through their gills.
			C)	They produce a small amount of urine.
			D)	They store salt in their skin.
27		A type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected:
			A)	commensalisms.
			B)	mutualism.
			C)	parsatism.
			D)	hadalism.