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1 | |
Which of the following statements does not accurately describe depth measurements? |
| | A) | A measurement of depth is termed a sounding. |
| | B) | Sea level is uniform across the oceans. |
| | C) | Modern depth recorders may use sound to take measurements. |
| | D) | Lasers can only be used to take soundings in clear, shallow water. |
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2 | |
Which of the following is not a characteristic of active continental margins? |
| | A) | tectonically active |
| | B) | transition from continental to oceanic crust in the same lithospheric plate |
| | C) | associated with plate boundary |
| | D) | narrow shelf |
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3 | |
Which statement does not accurately describe continental shelves? |
| | A) | Shelves are the edges of continents. |
| | B) | Shelves adjacent to steep land surfaces are typically very wide. |
| | C) | Geologically, shelves are part of the continents. |
| | D) | Natural dams may trap sediments between the offshore dam and the coast. |
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4 | |
The gradual slope of the shelf floor steepens rapidly at the: |
| | A) | continental rise. |
| | B) | continental slope. |
| | C) | shelf break. |
| | D) | abyssal plain. |
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5 | |
Turbidity currents: |
| | A) | may be associated with submarine canyons. |
| | B) | result from earthquakes or overloaded slopes. |
| | C) | may move at speeds of up to 90km per hour. |
| | D) | are described by all of the above. |
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6 | |
Select the statement that does not correctly describe submarine canyons. |
| | A) | They are steep sided valleys with V-shaped profiles. |
| | B) | They are eroded back into the continental shelf. |
| | C) | They extend across the abyssal plains. |
| | D) | All of the above are correct. |
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7 | |
Which of the following statements about the ocean basin floor is not correct? |
| | A) | Abyssal plains may be separated by high mid-ocean ridges. |
| | B) | The ocean basin floor includes the continental rise. |
| | C) | Abyssal hills are scattered over much of the sea floor. |
| | D) | Guyots are wave eroded former volcanic islands. |
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8 | |
Name the reef type associated with a sunken volcanic island. |
| | A) | fringing reef |
| | B) | atoll reef |
| | C) | barrier reef |
| | D) | abyssal reef |
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9 | |
A barrier reef is formed: |
| | A) | along the shore of an island. |
| | B) | after the island has completely subsided beneath the surface. |
| | C) | on the surface of exposed guyots. |
| | D) | when the coral is separated from the island by a lagoon. |
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10 | |
All of the following are examples of volcanic island arcs except the __________ Islands. |
| | A) | Japanese |
| | B) | Aleutian |
| | C) | Hawaiian |
| | D) | Philippine |
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11 | |
The thickest ocean sedimentary deposits are found where? |
| | A) | near the continental margins |
| | B) | on the shelves |
| | C) | along mid-ocean ridges |
| | D) | at the beach |
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12 | |
Which of the following is an example of cosmosgenous sediments? |
| | A) | carbonates |
| | B) | manganese nodules |
| | C) | tektites |
| | D) | red clay |
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13 | |
Calcareous sediments are not likely to be found where? |
| | A) | along tropical coastal areas |
| | B) | on elevated ridge systems |
| | C) | in shallow temperate waters |
| | D) | in low temperature waters |
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14 | |
Select the organism that is not a source of calcareous sediments. |
| | A) | radiolarians |
| | B) | pteropods |
| | C) | coccolithophores |
| | D) | foraminfera |
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15 | |
Deep sea clays include all but which of the following minerals? |
| | A) | montmorillonite |
| | B) | chlorite |
| | C) | abyssite |
| | D) | All of the above are deep sea clay minerals. |
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16 | |
Which of the following statements is not correct? |
| | A) | Neritic sediments dominate the continental shelf. |
| | B) | Pelagic sediments dominate the deep sea floor. |
| | C) | Neritic sediments dominate the deep sea floor. |
| | D) | Both neritic and pelagic sediments are found on the continental slope. |
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17 | |
Which of the following statements on sediments is not correct? |
| | A) | The majority of marine sediments are terrigenous. |
| | B) | Coarse sediments are concentrated in the abyssal plains. |
| | C) | Most of the sediment at the outer edge of the shelves was deposited during the last ice age. |
| | D) | Rapid accumulation of sediments may result in slope failure, turbidity currents, and turbidites. |
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18 | |
Which type of device is not used to take ocean floor sediment samples? |
| | A) | dredges |
| | B) | grab samplers |
| | C) | piston corers |
| | D) | acoustic profiler |
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19 | |
Which marine mineral is mined for its value as a component of fertilizer? |
| | A) | sand |
| | B) | manganese |
| | C) | phosphorite |
| | D) | fish manure |
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20 | |
Potentially economically viable deposits produced along mid-ocean ridges are: |
| | A) | phosphorites. |
| | B) | manganese nodules. |
| | C) | sand and gravel. |
| | D) | sulfide mineral deposits. |
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21 | |
Which type of marine sediment is most commonly associated with cool/cold water? |
| | A) | siliceous sediments |
| | B) | calcareous sediments |
| | C) | red clay |
| | D) | terrigenous sediments |
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22 | |
Which of the following is NOT true about the carbonate compensation depth? |
| | A) | It is at a greater depth in areas with higher concentrations of CO2. |
| | B) | It has an average depth of 4500 m. |
| | C) | It deepens where there is increased biological productivity. |
| | D) | It is the depth at which preserved calcareous material falls below 20% of the total. |
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23 | |
All of the following are examples of the clues that marine sediments give us about past climates EXCEPT: |
| | A) | The types of fossils preserved tells us about the types of organisms living during a particular period. |
| | B) | The ratio of 18O: 18O tells us about temperature at the time of deposition. |
| | C) | The thickness of sediment layers tells us about sediment production which is linked to levels of precipitation. |
| | D) | The absence of calcium carbonate tells us that climate was relatively warm. |
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24 | |
More sediment accumulates in ocean basins near passive continental margins because: |
| | A) | passive margins have strong waves which erode more sediment. |
| | B) | the lack of tectonic activity increases sediment production. |
| | C) | trenches located along active margins intercept sediment. |
| | D) | passive margin shorelines have narrower continental shelves so sediment accumulates more rapidly. |
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25 | |
Moving from the shoreline to the deep ocean the correct order of features is: |
| | A) | continental rise, continental shelf, continental slope, shelf break. |
| | B) | continental shelf, shelf break, continental slope, continental rise. |
| | C) | continental shelf, continental rise, shelf break, continental slope. |
| | D) | shelf break, continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise. |
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26 | |
Which is NOT true about pelagic marine sediments? |
| | A) | They tend to be fine grained. |
| | B) | They tend to have accumulated slowly. |
| | C) | Thickness of deposits tends to increase with the age of the deposit. |
| | D) | They tend to be thickest at the mid ocean ridges. |
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2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education